Ely M, Hardy R, Longford N T, Wadsworth M E
MRC National Survey for Health and Development, University College London Medical School, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UK.
Alcohol Alcohol. 1999 Nov-Dec;34(6):894-902. doi: 10.1093/alcalc/34.6.894.
It is widely reported that women drink less and have a lower prevalence of drink problems than men, but the gender differences in the relationship between level of drinking and drink problems have rarely been investigated quantitatively. This paper reports results from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development (the 1946 British Cohort) when the subjects were 43 years old. Using 7-day recall for alcohol consumption and CAGE scores of 2, 3 or 4 for drink problems, it was found that the prevalence of drink problems increased with level of alcohol consumption. Women were more likely than men to report drink problems at the same level of alcohol consumption. However, this gender difference was largely accounted for by individual differences in weight of body water. Beer accounted for the excess of men's drinking over women's and the proportion of alcohol consumed as beer was inversely related to drink problems. Eighty per cent of women and 52% of men who had drink problems in the past year reported drinking less than an average of 3 U (women) or 4 U (men) a day in the past week. As drinking levels in women begin to approach those in men, rates of drink problems in women are likely to overtake those in men because of women's greater physiological sensitivity to the effects of alcohol.
据广泛报道，女性饮酒量少于男性，且饮酒问题的患病率也低于男性，但饮酒量与饮酒问题之间关系的性别差异很少得到定量研究。本文报告了医学研究委员会全国健康与发展调查（1946年英国队列研究）中研究对象43岁时的结果。通过采用7天酒精摄入量回忆法以及饮酒问题的CAGE评分为2、3或4，研究发现饮酒问题的患病率随酒精摄入量的增加而上升。在相同酒精摄入量水平下，女性比男性更有可能报告饮酒问题。然而，这种性别差异在很大程度上是由个体身体水分重量的差异造成的。啤酒导致了男性饮酒量超过女性，且啤酒消费占酒精消费的比例与饮酒问题呈负相关。在过去一年有饮酒问题的女性中，80%以及男性中52%报告称在过去一周内平均每天饮酒量低于3单位（女性）或4单位（男性）。由于女性对酒精影响的生理敏感性更高，随着女性饮酒量开始接近男性，女性饮酒问题的发生率可能会超过男性。
