Van den Bossche P, Doran M, Connor R J
Regional Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis Control Programme (RTTCP), P.O. Box A 560, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Acta Trop. 2000 Mar 25;75(2):247-58. doi: 10.1016/s0001-706x(00)00059-0.
As part of the development of a strategy for the control of bovine trypanosomosis in Zambia, a survey was conducted to quantify and qualify the current use of trypanocidal drugs (diminazene aceturate and isometamidium chloride) in a tsetse-controlled and a tsetse-infested area of the Eastern Province. A total of 207 trypanocide users were interviewed. Questions were posed on herd structure, trypanocidal drug preference, treatment strategy, reason for treatment, method of treatment and treatment frequency. The majority of the cattle owners preferred to use diminazene aceturate rather than isometamidium chloride. Both trypanocides were mainly used to treat clinically sick animals (not necessarily infected with trypanosomes) and preference was given to the treatment of oxen and cows. The proportion of animals treated and the frequency of drug application did not differ between the two areas. Hence, in the tsetse-controlled area, a high proportion of the trypanocide treatments was inappropriate. In the tsetse-infested area, on the other hand, the treatment of clinically sick animals significantly reduced the trypanosomosis-related mortality but was insufficient to boost reproduction in cows. Despite the fact that the cattle owners administered most trypanocides themselves, evidence from the survey suggests that most of the farmers did not under-dose with either diminazene aceturate or isometamidium chloride. Moreover, other factors enhancing the development of resistance to trypanocides in trypanosomes were not present in the areas surveyed. Conclusions are drawn on the usefulness of this type of survey in determining appropriate methods to control bovine trypanosomosis.
作为赞比亚牛锥虫病控制战略制定工作的一部分，开展了一项调查，以量化和定性在东部省一个采采蝇控制区和一个采采蝇滋生区当前使用的杀锥虫药物（乙酰氨基阿维菌素和氯咪苯脲）情况。共采访了207名杀锥虫药物使用者。就畜群结构、杀锥虫药物偏好、治疗策略、治疗原因、治疗方法和治疗频率提出了问题。大多数牛主人更喜欢使用乙酰氨基阿维菌素而不是氯咪苯脲。两种杀锥虫药物主要用于治疗临床患病动物（不一定感染锥虫），并且更倾向于治疗公牛和母牛。两个地区治疗的动物比例和药物应用频率没有差异。因此，在采采蝇控制区，很大一部分杀锥虫药物治疗是不恰当的。另一方面，在采采蝇滋生区，对临床患病动物的治疗显著降低了与锥虫病相关的死亡率，但不足以提高母牛的繁殖率。尽管牛主人大多自行施用杀锥虫药物，但调查证据表明，大多数农民在使用乙酰氨基阿维菌素或氯咪苯脲时并未用药不足。此外，在所调查的地区不存在其他增强锥虫对杀锥虫药物耐药性发展的因素。得出了关于这类调查在确定控制牛锥虫病适当方法方面有用性的结论。
