Smolak L, Murnen S K, Ruble A E
Department of Psychology, Kenyon College, Gambier, OH 43022, USA.
Int J Eat Disord. 2000 May;27(4):371-80. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1098-108x(200005)27:4<371::aid-eat1>3.0.co;2-y.
The relationship between athletic participation and eating problems is examined using meta-analysis. Both the risk and protective elements of athletic participation are considered.
Data from 34 studies were used to examine the overall relationship between athletic participation and eating problems. Relationships for specific sports, elite athletes, and various age groups are also examined.
Athletes appeared to be somewhat more at risk for eating problems than nonathletes. This was especially true of dancers. Significant effects did not emerge for gymnasts. Elite athletes, especially those in sports emphasizing thinness, were at risk. Nonelite athletes, especially in high school, had reduced risk of eating problems compared to controls. Body dissatisfaction was lower in athletes.
There appear to be circumstances under which sports participation by women constitutes a risk factor for certain elements of eating problems. In other situations, athletic participation may be protective against eating problems.
采用荟萃分析研究体育参与与饮食问题之间的关系。同时考虑体育参与的风险因素和保护因素。
使用来自34项研究的数据来检验体育参与与饮食问题之间的总体关系。还研究了特定运动项目、精英运动员和不同年龄组之间的关系。
运动员出现饮食问题的风险似乎比非运动员略高。舞蹈演员尤其如此。体操运动员未出现显著影响。精英运动员，尤其是那些从事强调瘦身运动项目的运动员，面临风险。与对照组相比，非精英运动员，尤其是高中生，出现饮食问题的风险降低。运动员的身体不满程度较低。
在某些情况下，女性参与体育运动可能是饮食问题某些方面的风险因素。在其他情况下，体育参与可能对饮食问题有预防作用。
