Brébion G, Smith M J, Gorman J M, Malaspina D, Sharif Z, Amador X
Schizophrenia Research Unit, New York State Psychiatric Institute and Creedmoor Psychiatric Center, New York, NY, USA.
J Psychiatr Res. 2000 Mar-Apr;34(2):121-7. doi: 10.1016/s0022-3956(99)00050-3.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how underlying cognitive deficits such as a defect in processing speed or in selective attention contributed to different types of memory impairment observed in schizophrenia (superficial vs deep encoding). 49 schizophrenic patients and 40 normal controls were administered a verbal memory task. Superficial encoding was assessed by the ability to recall items in their serial order. Deep encoding was assessed by the ability to organise words into semantic categories. Two measures of processing speed (Digit Symbol Substitution Test and Stroop colour time) and one measure of selective attention (Stroop test) were used. Regression analyses were carried out. In the patient group, processing speed contributed to both superficial and deep encoding, and to a global verbal memory score. Selective attention only contributed to the superficial encoding processes. Thus, slowing of processing speed in schizophrenia seems to be more crucial for memory performance, since it affects memory in a pervasive way.
本研究的目的是调查潜在的认知缺陷，如处理速度缺陷或选择性注意力缺陷，是如何导致精神分裂症中观察到的不同类型记忆障碍（浅层与深层编码）的。对49名精神分裂症患者和40名正常对照者进行了言语记忆任务测试。通过按顺序回忆项目的能力来评估浅层编码。通过将单词组织成语义类别的能力来评估深层编码。使用了两种处理速度测量方法（数字符号替换测试和斯特鲁普颜色时间测试）和一种选择性注意力测量方法（斯特鲁普测试）。进行了回归分析。在患者组中，处理速度对浅层和深层编码以及整体言语记忆得分均有影响。选择性注意力仅对浅层编码过程有影响。因此，精神分裂症中处理速度的减慢似乎对记忆表现更为关键，因为它以一种普遍的方式影响记忆。
