Reuben R, Gajanana A
Centre for Research in Medical Entomology (ICMR), Madurai, India.
Indian J Pediatr. 1997 Mar-Apr;64(2):243-51. doi: 10.1007/BF02752458.
Japanese encephalitis (JE), caused by a mosquito-borne virus was first recognised in India in 1955 and since then many major out-breaks from different parts of the country have been reported, predominantly in rural areas. Children are mainly affected, with morbidity rate estimated at 0.30 to 1.5 per 100,000 population. Case fatality rate has ranged from 10% to 60%, and up to 50% of those who recover may be left with neurological deficits. Reported incidence has generally been higher in males than in females, but subclinical infections have occurred equally in both sexes. A large number of subclinical infections occur each year during the transmission season. Diagnosis at the primary health centre (PHC) level is based on clinical symptoms only. Therefore, there is a need to develop simple tests for use at the peripheral level both for diagnosis and for epidemiological surveys. JE is a vaccine preventable disease, but there are many logistic problems for effective implementation of vaccination.
日本脑炎（JE）由一种蚊媒病毒引起，1955年在印度首次被确认，自那时起，该国不同地区报告了许多主要疫情，主要发生在农村地区。儿童是主要受影响人群，发病率估计为每10万人中有0.30至1.5例。病死率在10%至60%之间，康复者中高达50%可能会留下神经功能缺损。报告的发病率一般男性高于女性，但亚临床感染在两性中发生率相同。每年在传播季节都会发生大量亚临床感染。初级卫生保健中心（PHC）层面的诊断仅基于临床症状。因此，需要开发简单的检测方法，用于基层的诊断和流行病学调查。日本脑炎是一种可用疫苗预防的疾病，但有效实施疫苗接种存在许多后勤问题。
