Recollection-based recognition eliminates the revelation effect in memory.

The revelation effect refers to the tendency to call an item on a recognition test old if it is preceded by a cognitive task that involves the processing of a similar stimulus (Watkins & Peynircioğlu, 1990). It has been proposed that the revelation effect occurs because of an increase in the familiarity of the test items in the revelation condition (Luo, 1993; Westerman & Greene, 1998). In the present experiments, the revelation effect was investigated in recognition tasks that were not based solely on the familiarity of the test items but, also, on a recall-like retrieval process. A revelation effect was not found on an associative-recognition task or on a plurality recognition task. The results of this study show that the revelation effect does not occur when the contribution of familiarity to recognition decisions is reduced by factors that encourage the recollection of the study episode.