Baxter M G, Parker A, Lindner C C, Izquierdo A D, Murray E A
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
J Neurosci. 2000 Jun 1;20(11):4311-9. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-11-04311.2000.
Goal-directed actions are guided by expected outcomes of those actions. Humans with bilateral damage to ventromedial prefrontal cortex, or the amygdala, are deficient in their ability to use information about positive and negative outcomes to guide their choice behavior. Similarly, rats and monkeys with orbital prefrontal or amygdala damage have been found to be impaired in their responses to changing values of outcomes. In the present study, we tested whether direct, functional interaction between the amygdala and the orbital prefrontal cortex is necessary for guiding behavior based on expected outcomes. Unlike control monkeys, rhesus monkeys with surgical disconnection of these two structures, achieved by crossed unilateral lesions of the amygdala in one hemisphere and orbital prefrontal cortex in the other, combined with forebrain commissurotomy, were unable to adjust their choice behavior after a change in the outcome (here, a reduction in the value of a particular reinforcer). The lesions did not affect motivation to work for a food reinforcer, or food preferences, per se. Hence, the amygdala and orbital prefrontal cortex act as part of an integrated neural system guiding decision-making and adaptive response selection.
目标导向行为受这些行为预期结果的引导。双侧腹内侧前额叶皮层或杏仁核受损的人类，在利用有关积极和消极结果的信息来指导其选择行为的能力方面存在缺陷。同样，眶前额叶或杏仁核受损的大鼠和猴子，对结果价值变化的反应也受到损害。在本研究中，我们测试了杏仁核与眶前额叶皮层之间直接的功能相互作用对于基于预期结果指导行为是否必要。与对照猴子不同，通过一侧半球杏仁核和另一侧眶前额叶皮层的交叉单侧损伤以及前脑连合切开术实现这两个结构手术分离的恒河猴，在结果改变（此处为特定强化物价值降低）后无法调整其选择行为。这些损伤本身并不影响为食物强化物工作的动机或食物偏好。因此，杏仁核和眶前额叶皮层作为一个综合神经系统的一部分，指导决策和适应性反应选择。
