Grant S, Contoreggi C, London E D
Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Brain Imaging Center, 5500 Nathan Shock Drive, MD 21224, Baltimore, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2000;38(8):1180-7. doi: 10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00158-x.
A defining feature of drug addiction is persistent drug use despite long-term adverse consequences. This study examined the performance of drug abusers on a neuropsychological test that requires evaluation of long-term outcomes in the presence of a complex set of mixed reward/punishment contingencies (the Gambling Task). In order to control for generalized deficits related to choice and planning, subjects were also administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Thirty polysubstance abusers were compared to a comparison group of 24 subjects who did not use illicit drugs of abuse. Drug abusers performed much more poorly on the Gambling Task (net score = 10.2 +/- 4.7, mean +/- s.e.m.) than controls (26.0 +/- 5.3), but did not differ from controls on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. The results show that drug abusers are more likely to make maladaptive decisions in the Gambling Task that result in long-term losses exceeding short-term gains. These findings indicate that the Gambling Task may be a useful model in laboratory studies of cognitive dysfunctions associated with drug abuse.
药物成瘾的一个决定性特征是尽管存在长期不良后果仍持续使用药物。本研究考察了药物滥用者在一项神经心理学测试中的表现，该测试要求在一系列复杂的混合奖励/惩罚条件下（赌博任务）评估长期结果。为了控制与选择和计划相关的一般性缺陷，还对受试者进行了威斯康星卡片分类任务测试。将30名多药滥用者与24名未使用非法滥用药物的对照组受试者进行了比较。药物滥用者在赌博任务中的表现（净得分 = 10.2 ± 4.7，平均值 ± 标准误）比对照组（26.0 ± 5.3）差得多，但在威斯康星卡片分类任务中与对照组没有差异。结果表明，药物滥用者在赌博任务中更有可能做出适应不良的决策，导致长期损失超过短期收益。这些发现表明，赌博任务可能是药物滥用相关认知功能障碍实验室研究中的一个有用模型。
