Semen banking in patients with cancer: 20-year experience.

Modern techniques of banking sperm provide an effective way to preserve the option of future fertility for most teenagers and young men diagnosed with a variety of malignancies that will necessitate treatment with chemotherapy, pelvic surgery, or significant radiation doses to the testes. Results of cumulative data collected at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation from patients with testicular cancer, lymphoma, leukemia, sarcoma, carcinoma and other kinds of malignancy have revealed that: (1) pretreatment semen quality (pre-freeze and post-thaw) in patients with cancer is poorer compared with healthy donors; (2) the percentage decline in semen quality (from pre-freeze to post-thaw) in patients with cancer is similar to that of normal donors. This suggested that the effect of cryodamage on spermatozoa from patients with cancer is similar to that of normal donors. (3) The stage of cancer in patients with testicular cancer and Hodgkin's disease shows no relationship to their semen quality. Based on studies conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, we recommend that sperm cryopreservation be offered to all men of reproductive age who have malignancies. Cryopreservation is safe and inexpensive, and gives patients a chance to establish pregnancies in the future with an assisted reproductive technique.