Metcalf P A, Scragg R K, Willoughby P, Finau S, Tipene-Leach D
Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000 May;24(5):593-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801202.
The aim of this study was to compare perceptions of body size in European, Maori and Pacific Islands people with measured body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and change in BMI since age 21 y. Socio-demographic factors that influenced perceptions of body size were also investigated.
Cross-sectional survey.
Participants were 5554 workers, aged > or =40 y, recruited from companies in New Zealand during 1988-1990.
Prevalences of BMI>25 kg/m2 were: Europeans, 64.7% men, 47.2% women; Maori, 93.2% men, 80.6% women; and Pacific Islanders, 94.1% men, 92.9% women. Similarly, prevalences of BMI >30 kg/m2 were: Europeans, 14.4% men, 14.6% women; Maori, 55.0% men, 41.9% women; and Pacific Islanders, 55.1% men, 71.7% women. At each perception of body size category, Maori and Pacific Islands men and women had a higher BMI than European men and women, respectively. BMI increased with increasing perception of body size in all gender and ethnic groups. Since age 21, increases in BMI were highest in Pacific Islands people and increased with increasing perceptions of body size category in all ethnic and gender groups. BMI adjusted odds (95% CI) of being in a lower perception category for body size were 1.70 (1.38-2.12) in Maori and 8.99 (7.30-11.09) in Pacific people compared to Europeans, 1.27 (1.13-1.42) times higher for people with no tertiary education, 1.41 (1.25-1.59) times higher in people with low socioeconomic status, and 0.94 (0.92- 0.95) for change in BMI since age 21.
Nutritional programs aimed at reducing levels of obesity should be ethnic-specific, addressing food and health in the context of their culture, and also take into account the socioeconomic status of the group. On the population level, obesity reduction programs may be more beneficial if they are aimed at the maintenance of weight at age 21.
本研究旨在比较欧洲人、毛利人和太平洋岛民对体型的认知与测量得到的体重指数（BMI）、腰臀比以及自21岁起BMI的变化情况。还调查了影响体型认知的社会人口学因素。
横断面调查。
研究对象为1988 - 1990年期间从新西兰各公司招募的5554名年龄≥40岁的员工。
BMI>25kg/m²的患病率分别为：欧洲男性64.7%，女性47.2%；毛利男性93.2%，女性80.6%；太平洋岛民男性94.1%，女性92.9%。同样，BMI>30kg/m²的患病率分别为：欧洲男性14.4%，女性14.6%；毛利男性55.0%，女性41.9%；太平洋岛民男性55.1%，女性71.7%。在每个体型认知类别中，毛利人和太平洋岛民的男性和女性的BMI分别高于欧洲男性和女性。在所有性别和种族群体中，BMI随着对体型认知的增加而升高。自21岁起，太平洋岛民的BMI增幅最大，且在所有种族和性别群体中，BMI增幅随体型认知类别的增加而增大。与欧洲人相比，毛利人处于较低体型认知类别的BMI调整比值比（95%CI）为1.70（1.38 - 2.12），太平洋岛民为8.99（7.30 - 11.09）；未接受高等教育者的比值比高1.27（1.13 - 1.42）倍，社会经济地位低者高1.41（1.25 - 1.59）倍，自21岁起BMI变化的比值比为0.94（0.92 - 0.95）。
旨在降低肥胖水平的营养项目应针对不同种族，结合其文化背景解决饮食和健康问题，同时还应考虑群体的社会经济地位。在人群层面，如果肥胖 reduction项目旨在维持21岁时的体重，可能会更有益。
