Friedman I A
The Henrietta Szold Institute, The National Institute for Research in the Behavioral Sciences, Jerusalem, Israel.
J Clin Psychol. 2000 May;56(5):595-606. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200005)56:5<595::aid-jclp2>3.0.co;2-q.
Burnout usually is conceptualized as a work-related syndrome stemming from the individual's perception of a significant gap between expectations of successful professional performance and an observed, far less satisfying reality. The article examines this perception as a discrepancy between expected and observed levels of the individual's professional self-efficacy. The teaching profession and its service providers--teachers--serve as a model to illustrate and support this examination. Self-reports of novice teachers' experiences in their first year of teaching are given, reflecting a world of shattered dreams of idealistic performance. Finally, a number of suggestions for programs and activities that have proven helpful in alleviating stress and burnout among teachers are described.
职业倦怠通常被概念化为一种与工作相关的综合征，它源于个人对成功职业表现的期望与观察到的、远不那么令人满意的现实之间存在显著差距的认知。本文将这种认知视为个人职业自我效能感的预期水平与观察到的水平之间的差异。教师职业及其从业者——教师——被用作一个模型来阐释和支持这一研究。文中给出了新手教师第一年教学经历的自我报告，反映出一个理想表现的梦想破灭的世界。最后，描述了一些已被证明有助于减轻教师压力和职业倦怠的项目和活动的建议。
