Ferrándiz C, Pelaz S, Yanofsky M F
Department of Biology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0116, USA.
Annu Rev Biochem. 1999;68:321-54. doi: 10.1146/annurev.biochem.68.1.321.
The fruit is a highly specialized plant organ that occurs in diverse forms among the angiosperms. Fruits of Arabidopsis thaliana, which are typical of the > 3000 species of Brassicaceae, develop from a gynoecium that consists of two fused carpels. The mature gynoecium of Arabidopsis is composed of an apical stigma, a short style, and a basal ovary that contains the developing ovules. After the ovules are fertilized, the fruit elongates and differentiates a number of distinct cell types, allowing for the successful maturation and the eventual dispersal of the seeds. Although the processes involved in carpel and fruit morphogenesis are not well understood, recent studies have identified a large number of mutants that display abnormal gynoecium and fruit development. The detailed phenotypic description of these mutants together with recent cloning of many of these genes has begun to shed light on this interesting and complex developmental process. Here we review the growing collection of Arabidopsis genes known to control the initiation and development of the gynoecium and resulting fruit.
果实是一种高度特化的植物器官，在被子植物中呈现出多种不同的形态。拟南芥的果实是十字花科3000多种植物的典型代表，它由一个由两个合生心皮组成的雌蕊发育而来。拟南芥成熟的雌蕊由顶端的柱头、短的花柱和基部的子房组成，子房内含有发育中的胚珠。胚珠受精后，果实伸长并分化出许多不同的细胞类型，从而使种子成功成熟并最终得以传播。尽管心皮和果实形态发生所涉及的过程尚未完全了解，但最近的研究已经鉴定出大量表现出雌蕊和果实发育异常的突变体。对这些突变体的详细表型描述以及许多这些基因的近期克隆，已开始为这一有趣而复杂的发育过程提供线索。在此，我们综述了已知控制拟南芥雌蕊及其果实起始和发育的基因的不断增加的相关研究。
