Arbogast K B, Durbin D R, Morris S D, Winston F K
Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Inj Prev. 2000 Jun;6(2):145-7. doi: 10.1136/ip.6.2.145.
To determine the extent to which child restraint system (CRS) misuse can be evaluated by parental survey.
A cross sectional survey was conducted at eight CRS clinics from May to October, 1998. Before CRS inspection, parents were administered a structured interview to identify distinct characteristics of restraint use and misuse. After the interview, a certified child passenger safety technician team independently evaluated the restraint system and identified specific modes of misuse. Parent descriptions of CRS use were compared with observations of the technician and the degree of agreement between the two was assessed for several specific attributes of use.
A total of 100 children restrained in convertible CRSs were included in the study. Parents were able to accurately report several aspects of child restraint use-in particular, the attachment and fit of the CRS, the use of the harness clip, and the CRS incline. Parents were less accurate in their characterization of the fit of the child in the CRS. For nearly every item assessed, parents were more accurate in their description of correct compared with incorrect use.
Interview tools can be developed that enable parents to describe aspects of CRS use and that screen for correct CRS use. These tools could be administered by telephone to obtain a more representative estimate of the prevalence of CRS misuse or to screen for CRS misuse. This screening would assist in targeting time consuming and costly CRS clinics to those parents who need them the most.
确定通过家长调查评估儿童约束系统（CRS）使用不当情况的程度。
1998年5月至10月在八家CRS诊所进行了一项横断面调查。在检查CRS之前，对家长进行结构化访谈，以确定约束使用和使用不当的不同特征。访谈后，由经过认证的儿童乘客安全技术人员团队独立评估约束系统，并确定具体的使用不当模式。将家长对CRS使用情况的描述与技术人员的观察结果进行比较，并针对使用的几个具体属性评估两者之间的一致程度。
共有100名使用可转换CRS的儿童纳入研究。家长能够准确报告儿童约束使用的几个方面，特别是CRS的固定和贴合情况、安全带夹的使用以及CRS的倾斜度。家长对儿童在CRS中贴合情况的描述准确性较低。对于几乎每一项评估内容，家长对正确使用的描述都比对错误使用的描述更准确。
可以开发访谈工具，使家长能够描述CRS使用的各个方面，并筛查CRS是否正确使用。这些工具可以通过电话进行使用，以更具代表性地估计CRS使用不当的发生率或筛查CRS使用不当情况。这种筛查将有助于将耗时且成本高昂的CRS诊所的服务对象定位到最需要它们的家长身上。
