Noceń I
Katedry i Zakładu Biochemii i Chemii, Pomorskiej Akademii Medycznej w Szczecinie.
Ann Acad Med Stetin. 1999;45:25-39.
The actual paper presents the method and results of studies covering the mineral composition of the skulls of humans in the archaeological material stemming from different regions of Poland. The concentration of fluoride, zinc, iron, manganese, lead, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus was determined in 248 skulls. Distribution of individual burial sites providing the study material is presented in Fig. 1. The material was divided into four groups in relation to the place of deposition and in relation to the soil composition. Macro-, microelements determined by the method of atom absorption, phosphate by colourometric method, fluoride by potentiometric method. It has been disclosed that the bony material at the burial site is subjected to processes of fossilisation--replacing the organic matter by mineral one under definite soil conditions. The soil composition is the factor that influences the mineral composition of the bones in case of the following elements: zinc, manganese, lead, magnesium (Tab. 1). No influence was exerted by components contained in the soil on the determined concentrations of fluoride and iron in bones being explored from human skulls originating from archaeological excavation, undergo dynamic transformations in their mineral composition during their deposition in the soil. With the lapse of the time the content of fluoride (Tab. 2), magnesium (Tab. 7), calcium (Tab. 8), phosphate (Tab. 9) increases, while that of zinc (Tab. 3), iron (Tab. 4), manganese (Tab. 5) and lead (Tab. 6) decreases. The end concentration of elements in the archaeological bony material results from the following processes, namely: Cumulation, the example of which is the change in the concentration of fluoride, washing out the components of bone into the soil, to which the compounds of iron and manganese are subjected, compensations of concentrations of the bone soil border. That process took place in the case involving the changes in concentration of zinc, lead, magnesium, calcium and phosphate.
该论文介绍了对源自波兰不同地区考古材料中人类头骨矿物质成分的研究方法和结果。测定了248个头骨中氟、锌、铁、锰、铅、钙、镁和磷的浓度。提供研究材料的各个墓葬遗址分布见图1。根据沉积地点和土壤成分，将材料分为四组。采用原子吸收法测定宏量和微量元素，比色法测定磷酸盐，电位法测定氟化物。研究发现，墓葬遗址的骨质材料会经历石化过程——在特定土壤条件下，有机物被矿物质取代。土壤成分是影响骨骼矿物质成分的因素，涉及以下元素：锌、锰、铅、镁（表1）。土壤中的成分对考古发掘出的人类头骨骨骼中氟和铁的测定浓度没有影响，这些骨骼在土壤中沉积期间，其矿物质成分会经历动态变化。随着时间的推移，氟（表2）、镁（表7）、钙（表8）、磷酸盐（表9）的含量增加，而锌（表3）、铁（表4）、锰（表5）和铅（表6）的含量减少。考古骨质材料中元素的最终浓度取决于以下过程，即：累积，氟浓度变化就是一个例子；将骨骼成分冲刷到土壤中，铁和锰的化合物就经历了这个过程；骨骼与土壤边界处浓度的补偿。锌、铅、镁、钙和磷酸盐浓度变化的情况就发生了这个过程。
