Albarracín D, Wyer R S
Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Jul;79(1):5-22. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.79.1.5.
To study the processes by which past behavior influences future behavior, participants were led to believe that without being aware of it, they had expressed either support for or opposition to the institution of comprehensive exams. Judgment and response time data suggested that participants' perceptions of their past behavior often influenced their decisions to repeat the behavior. This influence was partly the result of cognitive activity that influenced participants' cognitions about specific behavioral consequences and the attitude they based on these cognitions. More generally, however, feedback about past behavior had a direct effect on participants' attitudes and ultimate behavioral decisions that was independent of the outcome-specific cognitions. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for biased scanning of memory, dissonance reduction, self-perception, and the use of behavior as a heuristic.
为了研究过去行为影响未来行为的过程，参与者被引导去相信，在他们没有意识到的情况下，他们已经表达了对综合考试制度的支持或反对。判断和反应时间数据表明，参与者对自己过去行为的认知常常会影响他们重复该行为的决定。这种影响部分是认知活动的结果，这种认知活动影响了参与者对特定行为后果的认知以及基于这些认知的态度。然而，更普遍地说，关于过去行为的反馈对参与者的态度和最终行为决定有直接影响，这种影响独立于特定结果的认知。将根据这些结果对记忆的有偏扫描、减少失调、自我认知以及将行为用作启发法的影响来进行讨论。
