Rywik S L, Williams O D, Pajak A, Broda G, Davis C E, Kawalec E, Manolio T A, Piotrowski W, Hutchinson R
Department of CVD Epidemiology and Prevention, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
J Hypertens. 2000 Aug;18(8):999-1006. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200018080-00002.
The purpose of this research is to assess short-term blood pressure change and hypertension incidence, and identify correlates of incident hypertension in the USA and Poland.
Population-based samples aged 45-64 years at enrollment from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and the Pol-MONICA studies: including 3777 whites from Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA suburbs (urban), 3635 whites from Washington County, Maryland, USA (semi-rural) and 3109 blacks from Jackson, Mississippi, USA surveyed in 1987-1989 and 1990-1992; and 389 persons from Warsaw, Poland (urban) and 322 from Tarnobrzeg Province, Poland (semi-rural) surveyed in 1987-1988 and 1992-1993.
Age-standardized systolic and diastolic blood pressures at both screens were 9-20 and 5-9 mmHg higher in the Polish samples than in US blacks, who had higher levels than US whites. Age-adjusted annual hypertension incidence in both Polish male cohorts (6-8%) was higher than that in US white men (4%) and approaching that of US black men (7%); rates were also higher in Polish female cohorts (8-9%) than in US black women (8%), but nearly twice those in US white women (4%). Factors independently related to hypertension incidence included age, family history, smoking, baseline blood pressures and body mass index, and increase in body mass index and alcohol consumption between screenings. After adjustment for these factors, annualized hypertension incidence was similar in US white and Polish men (2.3 and 2.7%) compared with US black men (3.4%), and in US white and Polish women (1.5 and 1.3%) compared with US black women (3.9%).
Despite substantial differences in blood pressure levels and age-standardized hypertension incidence rates, the differences in incidence between Polish and US white men appear to be explained largely by differences in risk factors for hypertension.
本研究旨在评估美国和波兰的短期血压变化及高血压发病率，并确定新发高血压的相关因素。
基于社区动脉粥样硬化风险（ARIC）研究和波兰莫妮卡（Pol-MONICA）研究中45 - 64岁的人群样本：包括1987 - 1989年和1990 - 1992年在美国明尼苏达州明尼阿波利斯郊区（城市）的3777名白人、美国马里兰州华盛顿县的3635名白人（半农村）以及美国密西西比州杰克逊的3109名黑人；以及1987 - 1988年和1992 - 1993年在波兰华沙（城市）的389人和波兰塔尔诺布热格省（半农村）的322人。
两次筛查时，波兰样本的年龄标准化收缩压和舒张压均比美国黑人高9 - 20 mmHg和5 - 9 mmHg，而美国黑人的血压水平高于美国白人。波兰男性队列中年龄调整后的年高血压发病率（6 - 8%）高于美国白人男性（4%），接近美国黑人男性（7%）；波兰女性队列的发病率（8 - 9%）也高于美国黑人女性（8%），但几乎是美国白人女性（4%）的两倍。与高血压发病率独立相关的因素包括年龄、家族史、吸烟、基线血压和体重指数，以及两次筛查之间体重指数和酒精摄入量的增加。在对这些因素进行调整后，美国白人和波兰男性的年化高血压发病率相似（分别为2.3%和2.7%），而美国黑人男性为3.4%；美国白人和波兰女性的年化高血压发病率相似（分别为1.5%和1.3%），而美国黑人女性为3.9%。
尽管血压水平和年龄标准化高血压发病率存在显著差异，但波兰和美国白人男性之间的发病率差异似乎主要由高血压危险因素的差异所解释。
