Mengoni A, Gonnelli C, Galardi F, Gabbrielli R, Bazzicalupo M
Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e Genetica, Università di Firenze, via Romana 17, I-50125 Firenze, Italy.
Mol Ecol. 2000 Sep;9(9):1319-24. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.01011.x.
Metal-contaminated sites can occur naturally in serpentine outcrops or as consequence of anthropogenic activities, such as mining deposits, aerial fallout from smelters and industrial processes. Serpentine outcrops are characterized by high levels of nickel, cobalt and chromium and present a typical vegetation which includes endemisms and plants which also live in uncontaminated soils. These latter metal-tolerant populations provide the opportunity to investigate the first steps in the differentiation of plant populations under severe selection pressure and to select plants to be used in the phytoremediation of industrially contaminated soils. In this report eight populations of Silene paradoxa L. (Caryophyllaceae) growing in copper mine deposits, in serpentine outcrops or in noncontaminated soil in central Italy, were analysed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to investigate the pattern of genetic variation. The genetic diversity observed in populations at copper mine deposits was found to be at least as high as that of the neighbouring serpentine populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of the RAPD markers gave high statistical significance to the groupings of populations according: (i) with their geographical location; and (ii) with the metals present in the soil of origin (copper vs. nickel), indicating that RAPD markers detected a polymorphism related to the soil contamination by copper. Finally, two RAPD bands exclusive to copper-tolerant populations were identified.
金属污染场地可能自然存在于蛇纹岩露头中，也可能是人为活动的结果，如矿床开采、冶炼厂的大气沉降和工业生产过程。蛇纹岩露头的特点是镍、钴和铬含量高，并呈现出典型的植被，其中包括特有植物以及也生长在未受污染土壤中的植物。这些对金属具有耐受性的植物种群为研究在严格选择压力下植物种群分化的初始步骤以及选择用于工业污染土壤植物修复的植物提供了机会。在本报告中，对生长在意大利中部铜矿矿床、蛇纹岩露头或未受污染土壤中的8个蝇子草种群（石竹科）进行了分析，使用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记来研究遗传变异模式。发现铜矿矿床种群中观察到的遗传多样性至少与邻近的蛇纹岩种群一样高。对RAPD标记的分子方差分析（AMOVA）表明，根据以下因素对种群进行分组具有高度统计学意义：（i）其地理位置；（ii）其原生土壤中存在的金属（铜与镍），这表明RAPD标记检测到了与铜污染土壤相关的多态性。最后，鉴定出了两个耐铜种群特有的RAPD条带。
