Ernster V, Kaufman N, Nichter M, Samet J, Yoon S Y
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143, USA.
Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(7):891-901.
A gender perspective contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiological trends, social marketing strategies, economic policies, and international actions relating to women and the tobacco epidemic. Evidence is provided in this article for the negative impact of tobacco use by women and of passive smoking on the health of women and children. Use of tobacco by women is increasing and this is related to the tobacco industry's aggressive advertising, sponsorship and promotion strategies. Policy directions are proposed in this article. At all levels, a multi-pronged strategy--including changes in legislation and fiscal policies, improvements in gender-sensitive health services, and cessation programmes--should be considered. Much more gender-specific research on tobacco use is needed, particularly in developing countries. Women's empowerment and leadership should be at the centre of all tobacco control efforts and are essential for the success of national programmes and the recently introduced Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.
性别视角有助于更好地理解与妇女及烟草流行相关的流行病学趋势、社会营销战略、经济政策和国际行动。本文提供了证据，证明妇女吸烟及被动吸烟对妇女和儿童健康的负面影响。妇女吸烟现象正在增加，这与烟草业积极的广告、赞助和促销策略有关。本文提出了政策方向。在各个层面，都应考虑采取多管齐下的战略，包括立法和财政政策的变革、对性别问题有敏感认识的卫生服务的改善以及戒烟方案。需要开展更多针对特定性别的烟草使用研究，尤其是在发展中国家。增强妇女权能和发挥妇女领导力应成为所有烟草控制工作的核心，对于国家方案以及最近出台的《烟草控制框架公约》的成功至关重要。
