Stanny C J, Johnson T C
Psychology Department, University of West Florida, Pensacola 32514, USA.
Am J Psychol. 2000 Fall;113(3):359-86.
Two experiments address the accuracy of citizen and police witnesses in recalling stressful events. Participants saw 2 training scenarios. Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of active engagement and the presence of a simulated shooting on police officers' memory for details. Police officers recalled significantly fewer details from the scenario in which a shooting occurred. Active engagement did not influence recall. Experiment 2 compared the memory performance of police and citizen witnesses. Manipulation checks were added to assess the arousal produced by a shooting, and control procedures were added to evaluate the memorability of specific scenarios. Police and citizen witnesses did not differ reliably in accuracy. The perpetrator was remembered less well than the weapon when a simulated shooting occurred, and one scenario was significantly more difficult to remember than the other. The need to replicate eyewitness research with a variety of materials is discussed.
两项实验探讨了市民和警察证人回忆压力事件的准确性。参与者观看了2个训练场景。实验1评估了积极参与以及模拟枪击事件的出现对警察记忆细节的影响。警察从发生枪击的场景中回忆起的细节明显更少。积极参与并未影响回忆。实验2比较了警察证人和市民证人的记忆表现。增加了操纵检查以评估枪击产生的唤醒程度，并增加了控制程序以评估特定场景的可记忆性。警察证人和市民证人在准确性方面没有可靠的差异。当发生模拟枪击时，对犯罪者的记忆不如对武器的记忆，并且一个场景比另一个场景明显更难记住。文中讨论了使用各种材料重复目击证人研究的必要性。
