Cetinkaya Y, Falk P, Mayhall C G
Department of Healthcare Epidemiology and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-0835, USA.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000 Oct;13(4):686-707. doi: 10.1128/CMR.13.4.686.
After they were first identified in the mid-1980s, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) spread rapidly and became a major problem in many institutions both in Europe and the United States. Since VRE have intrinsic resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics and the ability to acquire resistance to most of the current available antibiotics, either by mutation or by receipt of foreign genetic material, they have a selective advantage over other microorganisms in the intestinal flora and pose a major therapeutic challenge. The possibility of transfer of vancomycin resistance genes to other gram-positive organisms raises significant concerns about the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. We review VRE, including their history, mechanisms of resistance, epidemiology, control measures, and treatment.
自20世纪80年代中期首次被发现以来，耐万古霉素肠球菌（VRE）迅速传播，成为欧洲和美国许多医疗机构中的一个主要问题。由于VRE对大多数常用抗生素具有固有抗性，并且能够通过突变或获得外源遗传物质而对目前大多数可用抗生素产生抗性，它们在肠道菌群中比其他微生物具有选择性优势，并带来了重大的治疗挑战。万古霉素抗性基因转移到其他革兰氏阳性菌的可能性引发了人们对耐万古霉素金黄色葡萄球菌出现的严重担忧。我们综述了VRE，包括它们的历史、抗性机制、流行病学、控制措施和治疗方法。
