Ecob R, Macintyre S
MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, 4 Lilybank Gardens, G12 8RZ, Glasgow, UK.
Health Place. 2000 Dec;6(4):261-74. doi: 10.1016/s1353-8292(00)00008-3.
In this paper we examine the patterning, by small areas, of four health related behaviours (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and exercise) in the West of Scotland, after controlling for a range of individual/household characteristics, using multilevel models. Smoking and drinking were measured both as binary and as continuous variables, and diet and exercise were each measured in two ways: 'good' (health promoting) and 'bad' (health damaging). 'Area effects' (unattributed variation by post code sector) were found for 'bad' diet only. 'Good' and 'bad' diet, 'bad' exercise patterns and current smoking were associated with postcode sector deprivation. For 'bad' diet this effect was found only for individuals in more affluent households, and for 'good' exercise and current smoking the association with area deprivation differed between adolescents and adults. We conclude that the influence of area on health related behaviours varies according to the behaviour and the way it is measured, and that the influence of area deprivation and/or of area can vary by age and household deprivation.
在本文中，我们使用多层次模型，在控制了一系列个人/家庭特征之后，研究了苏格兰西部四个与健康相关行为（吸烟、饮酒、饮食和锻炼）在小区域范围内的模式。吸烟和饮酒分别作为二元变量和连续变量进行测量，饮食和锻炼则各用两种方式进行测量：“良好”（促进健康）和“不良”（损害健康）。仅在“不良”饮食方面发现了“区域效应”（按邮政编码区域划分的未归因变异）。“良好”和“不良”饮食、“不良”锻炼模式以及当前吸烟情况与邮政编码区域的贫困程度相关。对于“不良”饮食，这种影响仅在较为富裕家庭的个体中发现，而对于“良好”锻炼和当前吸烟，青少年和成年人与区域贫困之间的关联有所不同。我们得出结论，区域对与健康相关行为的影响因行为及其测量方式而异，并且区域贫困和/或区域的影响可能因年龄和家庭贫困程度而异。
