酒精警示与青少年：五年的影响
The alcohol warning and adolescents: 5-year effects.
作者信息
MacKinnon D P, Nohre L, Pentz M A, Stacy A W
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2000 Oct;90(10):1589-94. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.10.1589.
OBJECTIVES
This study, a follow-up to the authors earlier report, examined the effects of the alcohol warning label on adolescents during the first 5 years that the warning was required.
METHODS
Surveys were administered to 10th-grade (n = 16,661) and 12th-grade (n = 15,856) students from the 1989-1990 school year through the 1994-1995 school year. The measures were awareness of, exposure to, and recognition memory of the alcohol warning label; beliefs about the risks listed on the warning; and open-ended statements about consequences of alcohol use, alcohol consumption, and self-reported driving after drinking.
RESULTS
There were increases in warning awareness, exposure, and recognition memory. These effects leveled off approximately 3.5 years after the inclusion of the warning on alcohol beverage containers. There was no beneficial change attributable to the warning in beliefs, alcohol consumption, or driving after drinking.
CONCLUSIONS
The initial positive effects of the alcohol warning label on adolescents have leveled off, consistent with theories of repeated exposure to persuasive information. The alcohol warning has not affected adolescents' beliefs about alcohol or alcohol-related behaviors.
目的
本研究是作者早期报告的后续研究，考察了在要求标注酒精警示标签的头5年里，该标签对青少年的影响。
方法
对1989 - 1990学年至1994 - 1995学年的十年级（n = 16,661）和十二年级（n = 15,856）学生进行了调查。测量内容包括对酒精警示标签的知晓度、接触情况和识别记忆；对警示标签上列出的风险的看法；以及关于饮酒后果、饮酒量和自我报告的酒后驾车情况的开放性陈述。
结果
警示标签的知晓度、接触情况和识别记忆有所提高。在酒精饮料容器上标注警示信息约3.5年后，这些影响趋于平稳。在看法、饮酒量或酒后驾车方面，警示标签并未带来有益的变化。
结论
酒精警示标签对青少年的最初积极影响已趋于平稳，这与反复接触说服性信息的理论一致。酒精警示并未影响青少年对酒精或与酒精相关行为的看法。
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