Rogerson S J, van den Broek N R, Chaluluka E, Qongwane C, Mhango C G, Molyneux M E
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre Malawi.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2000 Mar;62(3):335-40. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.335.
Malaria and anemia are common in pregnant African women. We screened 4,764 Malawian women at first antenatal visits for malaria and anemia. A total of 42.7% had a malaria infection, which was more common and of higher density in primigravidae (prevalence = 47.3%, geometric mean = 332 parasites/microl) and teenagers (49.8%, 390/microl) than in multigravidae (40.4%, 214/microl) or older women (40.6%, 227/microl). However, 35% of gravida 3+ women were parasitemic. A total of 57.2% of the women was anemic (hemoglobin < 11 g/dl), with moderate anemia (7.0-8.9 g/dl) in 14.9% and severe anemia (< 7 g/dl) in 3.2%. Prevalences of malaria and anemia were highest in the rainy season. Women with moderate/severe anemia had higher parasite prevalences and densities than women with mild/no anemia. Logistic regression showed that age, season, and trimester of presentation were significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria, but gravidity was not. In this urban setting, age and season are more important than gravidity as predictors of malaria at first antenatal visit, and parasitemia is frequent in women of all gravidities.
疟疾和贫血在非洲孕妇中很常见。我们在首次产前检查时对4764名马拉维妇女进行了疟疾和贫血筛查。共有42.7%的妇女感染了疟疾，初产妇（患病率=47.3%，几何平均数=332个寄生虫/微升）和青少年（49.8%，390/微升）的感染比经产妇（40.4%，214/微升）或年龄较大的妇女（40.6%，227/微升）更为常见且密度更高。然而，35%的孕3产及以上妇女存在寄生虫血症。共有57.2%的妇女贫血（血红蛋白<11g/dl），其中14.9%为中度贫血（7.0 - 8.9g/dl），3.2%为重度贫血（<7g/dl）。疟疾和贫血的患病率在雨季最高。中度/重度贫血的妇女比轻度/无贫血的妇女寄生虫患病率和密度更高。逻辑回归显示，年龄、季节和就诊孕周与疟疾患病率显著相关，但妊娠次数无关。在这个城市环境中，年龄和季节作为首次产前检查时疟疾的预测因素比妊娠次数更重要，并且所有妊娠次数的妇女都频繁出现寄生虫血症。
