Morris T
Centre for Rehabilitation, Exercise and Sport Science and School of Human Movement, Recreation and Performance, Victoria University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
J Sports Sci. 2000 Sep;18(9):715-26. doi: 10.1080/02640410050120096.
I review research on psychological characteristics and sports performance and examine the literature on talent identification with particular reference to soccer to derive implications for the use of psychological variables in the talent identification and development process. Although the many cross-sectional studies of psychological characteristics and performance in all football codes conducted over the last 30 years have revealed no clear patterns, studies of both general inventories and specific variables are still being conducted. Reports on talent identification in all codes have increased in recent years, but most are descriptive in nature. In this review, I suggest that research on systematic expert observation has potential as a practical approach, but more studies of this type are needed. Considering the examination of specific psychological variables, only a solitary investigation of creativity in adolescents has shown promise. Further research on creativity and talent identification is required to replicate the positive results found in that study. In summarizing the research on psychological characteristics and talent identification, I conclude that cross-sectional research on adults cannot be extrapolated for use in talent identification with adolescents. I propose that resources would be more effectively used in the provision of psychological skills training for adolescent soccer players, pending more sophisticated research on a wider range of psychological variables. It is recommended that longitudinal or quasi-longitudinal research is essential to determine whether the same psychological variables are important for outstanding performance throughout the process of development and whether psychological variables measured during adolescence can predict outstanding performance in adulthood.
我回顾了关于心理特征与运动表现的研究，并审视了有关人才识别的文献，特别以足球为例，以得出心理变量在人才识别与发展过程中应用的启示。尽管在过去30年里对所有足球项目的心理特征与表现进行的众多横断面研究并未揭示出清晰的模式，但针对一般量表和特定变量的研究仍在进行。近年来，关于所有项目人才识别的报告有所增加，但大多数本质上是描述性的。在本综述中，我认为对系统专家观察的研究有作为一种实用方法的潜力，但需要更多此类研究。考虑到对特定心理变量的考察，仅有一项针对青少年创造力的单独研究显示出前景。需要对创造力与人才识别进行进一步研究，以复制该研究中发现的积极结果。在总结关于心理特征与人才识别的研究时，我得出结论，针对成年人的横断面研究不能外推用于青少年的人才识别。我提议，在对更广泛的心理变量进行更深入研究之前，将资源更有效地用于为青少年足球运动员提供心理技能训练。建议进行纵向或准纵向研究，以确定相同的心理变量在整个发展过程中对卓越表现是否重要，以及在青少年时期测量的心理变量是否能预测成年后的卓越表现。
