Mackie D M, Devos T, Smith E R
Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106-9660, USA.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2000 Oct;79(4):602-16.
Three studies tested the idea that when social identity is salient, group-based appraisals elicit specific emotions and action tendencies toward out-groups. Participants' group memberships were made salient and the collective support apparently enjoyed by the in-group was measured or manipulated. The authors then measured anger and fear (Studies 1 and 2) and anger and contempt (Study 3), as well as the desire to move against or away from the out-group. Intergroup anger was distinct from intergroup fear, and the inclination to act against the out-group was distinct from the tendency to move away from it. Participants who perceived the in-group as strong were more likely to experience anger toward the out-group and to desire to take action against it. The effects of perceived in-group strength on offensive action tendencies were mediated by anger.
当社会身份显著时，基于群体的评价会引发针对外群体的特定情绪和行动倾向。参与者的群体成员身份被凸显出来，并且对本群体明显享有的集体支持进行了测量或操控。然后，作者测量了愤怒和恐惧（研究1和2）以及愤怒和轻蔑（研究3），还有针对外群体采取行动或远离外群体的意愿。群体间愤怒与群体间恐惧不同，针对外群体采取行动的倾向与远离外群体的倾向也不同。那些认为本群体强大的参与者更有可能对外群体感到愤怒，并渴望对其采取行动。感知到的本群体力量对攻击性行动倾向的影响是通过愤怒来介导的。
