Piyasirisilp S, McCutchan F E, Carr J K, Sanders-Buell E, Liu W, Chen J, Wagner R, Wolf H, Shao Y, Lai S, Beyrer C, Yu X F
Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Virol. 2000 Dec;74(23):11286-95. doi: 10.1128/jvi.74.23.11286-11295.2000.
New outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among injecting drug users (IDUs) are spreading in China along heroin trafficking routes. Recently, two separate HIV-1 epidemics among IDUs were reported in Guangxi, Southern China, where partial sequencing of the env gene showed subtype C and circulating recombinant form (CRF) AE. We evaluated five virtually full-length HIV-1 genome sequences from IDUs in Guangxi to determine the genetic diversity and the presence of intersubtype recombinants. Sequence analysis showed two geographically separated, highly homogeneous HIV-1 strains. B/C intersubtype recombinants were found in three IDUs from Baise City, in a mountainous region near the Yunnan-Guangxi border. These were mostly subtype C, with portions of the capsid and reverse transcriptase (RT) genes from subtype B. The subtype B portion of the capsid was located in the N-terminal domain, which has been shown to influence virus core maturation, virus infectivity, and binding to cyclophilin A, whereas the subtype B portion of RT was located in the palm subdomain, which is the active site of the enzyme. These BC recombinants differed from a BC recombinant found in Xinjiang Province in northwestern China. CRF AE strains were found in IDUs from Nanning, the capital of Guangxi, and in IDUs from Pingxiang City near the China-Vietnam border. The AE and BC recombinants were both remarkable for their low interpatient diversity, less than 1% for the full genome. Rapid spread of HIV-1 among IDUs may foster the emergence of highly homogeneous strains, including novel recombinants in regions with multiple subtypes.
注射吸毒者中出现的新型1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）疫情正沿着海洛因贩运路线在中国蔓延。最近，在中国南部的广西报告了两起注射吸毒者中独立的HIV-1疫情，其中env基因的部分测序显示为C亚型和流行重组型（CRF）AE。我们评估了来自广西注射吸毒者的五条几乎全长的HIV-1基因组序列，以确定其遗传多样性和亚型间重组体的存在情况。序列分析显示有两种地理上分离的、高度同源的HIV-1毒株。在靠近滇桂边境的山区百色市的三名注射吸毒者中发现了B/C亚型间重组体。这些重组体大多为C亚型，衣壳和逆转录酶（RT）基因的部分来自B亚型。衣壳的B亚型部分位于N端结构域，该结构域已被证明会影响病毒核心成熟、病毒感染性以及与亲环素A的结合，而RT的B亚型部分位于掌状亚结构域，这是该酶的活性位点。这些BC重组体与中国西北部新疆发现的一种BC重组体不同。在广西首府南宁以及中越边境附近的凭祥市的注射吸毒者中发现了CRF AE毒株。AE和BC重组体的患者间差异均很低，全基因组差异小于1%，这一点都很显著。HIV-1在注射吸毒者中的快速传播可能会促使出现高度同源的毒株，包括在有多种亚型的地区出现新型重组体。
