Dean B, Barber N, Schachter M
Academic Pharmacy Unit, Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust, London W12 0HS.
Qual Health Care. 2000 Dec;9(4):232-7. doi: 10.1136/qhc.9.4.232.
To develop a practitioner led definition of a prescribing error for use in quantitative studies of their incidence.
Two stage Delphi technique.
A panel of 34 UK judges, which included physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, nurses and risk managers.
The extent to which judges agreed with a general definition of a prescribing error, and the extent to which they agreed that each of 42 scenarios represented a prescribing error.
Responses were obtained from 30 (88%) of 34 judges in the first Delphi round, and from 26 (87%) of 30 in the second round. The general definition of a prescribing error was accepted. The panel reached consensus that 24 of the 42 scenarios should be included as prescribing errors and that five should be excluded. In general, transcription errors, failure to communicate essential information, and the use of drugs or doses inappropriate for the individual patient were considered prescribing errors; deviations from policies or guidelines were not.
Health care professionals are in broad agreement about the types of events that should be included and excluded as prescribing errors. A general definition of a prescribing error has been developed, together with more detailed guidance regarding the types of events that should be included. This definition allows the comparison of prescribing error rates among different prescribing systems and different hospitals, and is suitable for use in both research and clinical governance initiatives.
制定一个由从业者主导的处方错误定义，用于其发生率的定量研究。
两阶段德尔菲技术。
一个由34名英国评审员组成的小组，其中包括医生、外科医生、药剂师、护士和风险管理者。
评审员对处方错误的一般定义的认同程度，以及他们对42种情况中的每一种都代表处方错误的认同程度。
在第一轮德尔菲调查中，34名评审员中有30名（88%）回复，在第二轮中，30名中有26名（87%）回复。处方错误的一般定义被接受。该小组达成共识，42种情况中有24种应被列为处方错误，5种应被排除。一般来说，转录错误、未能传达重要信息以及使用对个体患者不合适的药物或剂量被视为处方错误；偏离政策或指南则不算。
医疗保健专业人员对于应被列为或排除为处方错误的事件类型基本达成一致。已制定了处方错误的一般定义，以及关于应包括的事件类型的更详细指导。这个定义允许比较不同处方系统和不同医院之间的处方错误率，适用于研究和临床治理举措。
