Hawkins R D, Fuller C W
Centre for Hazard and Risk Management, Loughborough University, Leics, United Kingdom.
Br J Sports Med. 1999 Jun;33(3):196-203. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.33.3.196.
To define the causes of injuries to players in English professional football during competition and training.
Lost time injuries to professional and youth players were prospectively recorded by physiotherapists at four English League clubs over the period 1994 to 1997. Data recorded included information related to the injury, date and place of occurrence, type of activity, and extrinsic Playing factors.
In all, 67% of all injuries occurred during competition. The overall injury frequency rate (IFR) was 8.5 injuries/1000 hours, with the IFR during competitions (27.7) being significantly (p < 0.01) higher than that during training (3.5). The IFRs for youth players were found to increase over the second half of the season, whereas they decreased for professional players. There were no significant differences in IFRs for professional and youth players during training. There were significantly (p < 0.01) injuries in competition in the 15 minute periods at the end of each half. Strains (41%), sprains (20%), and contusions (20%) represented the major types of injury. The thigh (23%), the ankle (17%), knee (14%), and lower leg (13%) represented the major locations of injury, with significantly (p < 0.01) more injuries to the dominant body side. Reinjury counted for 22% of all injuries. Only 12% of all injuries were caused by a breach of the rules of football, although player to player contact was involved in 41% of all injuries.
The overall level of injury to professional footballers has been showed to be around 1000 times higher times higher than for industrial occupations generally regarded as high risk. The high level of muscle strains, in particular, indicates possible weakness in fitness training programmes and use of warming up and cooling down procedures by clubs and the need for benchmarking players' levels of fitness and performance. Increasing levels of injury to youth players as a season progresses emphasizes the importance of controlling the exposure of young players to high levels of competition.
明确英格兰职业足球运动员在比赛和训练期间受伤的原因。
1994年至1997年期间，四家英格兰联赛俱乐部的物理治疗师前瞻性地记录了职业球员和青年球员的失时损伤情况。记录的数据包括与损伤相关的信息、发生日期和地点、活动类型以及外在比赛因素。
总体而言，67%的损伤发生在比赛期间。总体损伤频率（IFR）为8.5次损伤/1000小时，比赛期间的IFR（27.7）显著高于训练期间（3.5）（p<0.01）。发现青年球员的IFR在赛季后半段有所增加，而职业球员则有所下降。职业球员和青年球员在训练期间的IFR没有显著差异。上下半场结束时的15分钟时间段内比赛中的损伤显著（p<0.01）。拉伤（41%）、扭伤（20%）和挫伤（20%）是主要的损伤类型。大腿（23%）、脚踝（17%）、膝盖（14%）和小腿（13%）是主要的损伤部位，优势身体侧的损伤显著（p<0.01）更多。再损伤占所有损伤的22%。所有损伤中只有12%是由违反足球规则引起的，尽管41%的损伤涉及球员之间的接触。
职业足球运动员的总体损伤水平已被证明比通常被视为高风险的工业职业高出约1000倍。特别是肌肉拉伤的高水平表明健身训练计划可能存在不足，俱乐部在热身和冷却程序的使用方面存在问题，并且需要对球员的体能和表现水平进行基准测试。随着赛季的推进，青年球员的损伤水平不断增加，这凸显了控制年轻球员高水平比赛暴露的重要性。
