Albà M
Wohl Virion Centre, Department of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, University College London, Cleveland Street, London, W1T 4JF, UK.
Genome Biol. 2001;2(1):REVIEWS3002. doi: 10.1186/gb-2001-2-1-reviews3002. Epub 2001 Jan 12.
Replicative DNA polymerases are essential for the replication of the genomes of all living organisms. On the basis of sequence similarities they can be classified into three types. Type A polymerases are homologous to bacterial polymerases I, Type B comprises archaebacterial DNA polymerases and eukaryotic DNA polymerase alpha, and the bacterial polymerase III class make up type C. Structures have been solved for several type A and B polymerases, which share a similar architecture. The structure of type C is not yet known. The catalytic mechanism of all three types involves two metal-ion-binding acidic residues in the active site. Replicative polymerases are constitutively expressed, but their activity is regulated through the cell cycle and in response to different growth conditions.
复制性DNA聚合酶对于所有生物体基因组的复制至关重要。基于序列相似性，它们可分为三种类型。A类聚合酶与细菌聚合酶I同源，B类包括古细菌DNA聚合酶和真核DNA聚合酶α，细菌聚合酶III类构成C类。已经解析了几种A类和B类聚合酶的结构，它们具有相似的结构。C类的结构尚不清楚。所有这三种类型的催化机制都涉及活性位点中两个结合金属离子的酸性残基。复制性聚合酶是组成性表达的，但其活性通过细胞周期并响应不同的生长条件进行调节。
