Grahame N J
Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 2000;24(3):159-63.
In their quest to elucidate the genetic influences contributing to alcoholism, researchers have long used selected lines and inbred strains of rodents. Selected lines are obtained by repeatedly mating those animals within a population that show extremely high or low values of the desired trait. Inbred strains are generated by mating male and female siblings, irrespective of any particular trait, over several generations. Both of these approaches have provided researchers with extensive knowledge about the genetic and neurobiological mechanisms contributing to alcohol-related traits. However, the use of these models is associated with some limitations, mostly resulting from the inbreeding involved in generating such lines and strains. Nevertheless, these models can offer some advantages over other genetic approaches, such as the analysis of quantitative trait loci or the generation of transgenic and knockout mice.
在试图阐明导致酗酒的遗传影响的过程中，研究人员长期以来一直使用选定品系和近交系的啮齿动物。选定品系是通过在一个种群中反复交配那些在所期望性状上表现出极高或极低值的动物而获得的。近交系是通过让雄性和雌性同胞交配几代而产生的，而不考虑任何特定性状。这两种方法都为研究人员提供了关于导致与酒精相关性状的遗传和神经生物学机制的广泛知识。然而，使用这些模型存在一些局限性，主要是由于产生此类品系和菌株所涉及的近亲繁殖。尽管如此，与其他遗传方法相比，这些模型可以提供一些优势，例如数量性状位点分析或转基因和基因敲除小鼠的产生。
