Millard T, Richman L C
Mississippi Bend Area Education Agency, USA.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2001 Jan;38(1):68-75. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_2001_038_0068_dccfaa_2.0.co_2.
The purpose of this investigation was to study the adjustment and learning characteristics of children with different types of clefts. The hypotheses were that there may be different relationships among cleft variables (speech and appearance) according to the cleft types.
The study compared three cleft groups on behavior rating, anxiety scales, depression scales, and self-perception (analyses of variance) and examined the influence of facial and speech ratings on self-perception (multiple regression analyses).
All patients were treated at a university hospital cleft palate clinic.
Sixty-five children aged 8 years to 17 years were selected based on nonsyndromic cleft (unilateral cleft lip and palate [ULP], bilateral cleft lip and palate [BLP], and cleft palate only [CPO]) and no significant neurological condition or hearing loss.
The findings indicated children with CPO showed greater problems with parent- and teacher-reported depression, anxiety, and learning related to speech than children with ULP or BLP. The later two groups showed fewer problems and a greater relationship of problem to facial appearance. The children with ULP self-reported lower levels of depression than the other two groups.
Children with cleft show relatively good overall adjustment, but some problems appear related to speech and facial appearance. Subgroups may need to be studied separately.
本调查旨在研究不同类型腭裂患儿的适应及学习特点。假设为根据腭裂类型，腭裂相关变量（言语和外貌）之间可能存在不同关系。
该研究比较了三个腭裂组在行为评分、焦虑量表、抑郁量表及自我认知方面的差异（方差分析），并检验了面部及言语评分对自我认知的影响（多元回归分析）。
所有患者均在大学医院腭裂门诊接受治疗。
选取65名8至17岁的儿童，这些儿童均为非综合征性腭裂（单侧唇腭裂[ULP]、双侧唇腭裂[BLP]及单纯腭裂[CPO]），且无明显神经疾病或听力损失。
研究结果表明，与ULP或BLP患儿相比，CPO患儿在家长及教师报告的抑郁、焦虑及言语学习方面存在更多问题。后两组问题较少，且问题与面部外观的关联更大。ULP患儿自我报告的抑郁水平低于其他两组。
腭裂患儿总体适应情况相对良好，但部分问题似乎与言语及面部外观有关。可能需要分别对亚组进行研究。
