Faraone S V, Green A I, Seidman L J, Tsuang M T
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Schizophr Bull. 2001;27(1):1-18. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006849.
We sought to show that (1) schizotaxia (Meehl's term for the predisposition to schizophrenia) is a clinically consequential condition, and (2) distinguishing it from schizotypal personality disorder may be useful from both clinical and scientific perspectives. We review the features of schizotaxia that may be relevant in clinical settings and discuss their implications for the diagnosis, psychosocial functioning, family intervention and treatment of people in schizophrenia families. Our review indicates that prior work finds some of the nonpsychotic and nonschizotypal relatives of schizophrenia patients to have a psychiatric syndrome characterized by negative symptoms, neuropsychological impairment, and psychosocial dysfunction. Following Meehl, we call this constellation of clinical and neurobiological features schizotaxia. The studies we review suggest it may be worthwhile to consider schizotaxia as a separate diagnostic class. Doing so would alert clinicians to a neurobehavioral syndrome not adequately covered by current diagnostic criteria and would motivate researchers to develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches aimed at helping schizotaxic individuals and, perhaps, preventing the onset of schizophrenia.
（1）精神分裂易患症（米希尔用来指代精神分裂症易感性的术语）是一种具有临床意义的病症；（2）从临床和科学角度来看，将其与分裂型人格障碍区分开来可能是有益的。我们回顾了精神分裂易患症在临床环境中可能相关的特征，并讨论了它们对精神分裂症患者家庭中个体的诊断、心理社会功能、家庭干预及治疗的影响。我们的综述表明，先前的研究发现，精神分裂症患者的一些非精神病性且非分裂型的亲属患有一种以阴性症状、神经心理损害和心理社会功能障碍为特征的精神综合征。遵循米希尔的观点，我们将这一系列临床和神经生物学特征称为精神分裂易患症。我们所综述的研究表明，将精神分裂易患症视为一个单独的诊断类别可能是值得的。这样做会提醒临床医生注意一种当前诊断标准未充分涵盖的神经行为综合征，并会促使研究人员开发旨在帮助精神分裂易患症个体以及或许预防精神分裂症发作的诊断和治疗方法。
