Dobbins I G, Khoe W, Yonelinas A P, Kroll N E
University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2000 Dec;28(8):1347-56. doi: 10.3758/bf03211835.
The relationships between hit, remember, and false alarm rates were examined across individual subjects in three remember-know experiments in order to determine whether signal detection theory would be consistent with the observed data. The experimental data differed from signal detection predictions in two critical ways. First, remember reports were unrelated, or slightly negatively related, to the commission of false alarms. Second, both response types (remembers and false alarms) were uniquely related to hit rates, which demonstrated that the hit rate cannot be viewed as the result of a single underlying strength process. These results are consistent with the dual-process signal detection model of Yonelinas (1994), in which performance is determined by two independent processes--retrieval of categorical context information (remembering) and discriminations based on continuous item strength. Remember and false alarm rates selectively tap these processes, whereas the hit rate is jointly determined. Monte Carlo simulations in which the dual-process model was used successfully reproduced the pattern in the experimental data, whereas simulations in which a signal detection model, with separate "old" and "remember" criteria, was used, did not. The results demonstrate the utility of examining individual differences in response types when one is evaluating memory models.
在三项“记得-知道”实验中，对个体受试者的击中率、回忆率和误报率之间的关系进行了检验，以确定信号检测理论是否与观察到的数据一致。实验数据在两个关键方面与信号检测预测不同。首先，回忆报告与误报的发生无关，或略有负相关。其次，两种反应类型（回忆和误报）都与击中率有独特的关系，这表明击中率不能被视为单一潜在强度过程的结果。这些结果与约内利纳斯（1994年）的双过程信号检测模型一致，在该模型中，表现由两个独立过程决定——分类情境信息的检索（回忆）和基于连续项目强度的辨别。回忆率和误报率分别利用这些过程，而击中率是由两者共同决定的。使用双过程模型的蒙特卡罗模拟成功再现了实验数据中的模式，而使用具有单独“旧”和“回忆”标准的信号检测模型的模拟则没有。结果表明，在评估记忆模型时，检查反应类型的个体差异是有用的。
