Sheehy C M, Perry P A, Cromwell S L
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.
Biol Res Nurs. 1999 Jul;1(1):30-7. doi: 10.1177/109980049900100105.
Maintenance of water balance is essential to normal physiologic function and vigorous aging. Older adults, however, frequently experience alterations in fluid homeostasis, which result in dehydration. This article describes the physiology of water balance, age-related changes that influence fluid regulation, and associated risk factors for dehydration in older adults. Fluid hygiene is an important health promotion activity for this age group, but when efforts to prevent imbalance are unsuccessful, early identification and intervention to correct problems should be done to minimize adverse consequences. Although much is known about fluid homeostasis, dehydration, and contributory factors in the aging process, water disorders remain prevalent in this group. A great deal of work is still needed to determine "best practices" and creative clinical interventions to support adequate fluid intake behaviors. Both quality management programs and research studies provide avenues for systematic evaluation.
维持水平衡对于正常生理功能和健康老龄化至关重要。然而，老年人经常会出现体液平衡的改变，从而导致脱水。本文描述了水平衡的生理学、影响液体调节的与年龄相关的变化，以及老年人脱水的相关危险因素。液体卫生是该年龄组一项重要的健康促进活动，但当预防失衡的努力未成功时，应尽早识别并进行干预以纠正问题，从而将不良后果降至最低。尽管人们对衰老过程中的液体平衡、脱水及促成因素已有很多了解，但该群体中的水紊乱现象仍然普遍存在。仍需要大量工作来确定“最佳实践”和创新性临床干预措施，以支持充足的液体摄入行为。质量管理项目和研究都为系统评估提供了途径。
