Bögels S M, van Oosten A, Muris P, Smulders D
Department of Medical, Clinical, and Experimental Psychology, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Behav Res Ther. 2001 Mar;39(3):273-87. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00005-x.
Retrospective studies suggest a relationship between parental rearing practices and social phobia. The present study investigated whether socially anxious children perceive their current parental rearing as rejecting, overprotective, and lacking emotional warmth, and as emphasizing the importance of other's opinion, and de-emphasizing social initiatives and family sociability. Furthermore, we examined whether parents of socially anxious children report to rely on such rearing practices, and suffer themselves from social fears. A regression analysis as well as extreme group comparisons were applied. Little support was found for the presumed role of the assessed family rearing aspects in the development of social anxiety in children. Solely family sociability (children's and mothers' report) and children's perception of overprotection of the mother predicted social anxiety in the regression analysis. Given the influence of the mentioned rearing practices, social anxiety of the mother still significantly predicted social anxiety of the child. In the extreme group comparisons, differences in the expected direction were found between socially anxious and normal children on parental rejection, emotional warmth, and family sociability. However, the lack of differences between socially anxious and clinical control children suggests that these variables do not form a specific pathway to social fears.
回顾性研究表明父母养育方式与社交恐惧症之间存在关联。本研究调查了社交焦虑儿童是否认为他们当前的父母养育方式具有拒绝性、过度保护且缺乏情感温暖，是否强调他人意见的重要性，以及是否淡化社交主动性和家庭社交性。此外，我们还研究了社交焦虑儿童的父母是否报告依赖这种养育方式，以及他们自己是否也患有社交恐惧。本研究采用了回归分析以及极端组比较。研究发现，所评估的家庭养育方面在儿童社交焦虑发展中所假定的作用几乎没有得到支持。在回归分析中，仅有家庭社交性（儿童和母亲的报告）以及儿童对母亲过度保护的感知能够预测社交焦虑。考虑到上述养育方式的影响，母亲的社交焦虑仍然能够显著预测孩子的社交焦虑。在极端组比较中，社交焦虑儿童与正常儿童在父母拒绝、情感温暖和家庭社交性方面存在预期方向上的差异。然而，社交焦虑儿童与临床对照儿童之间没有差异，这表明这些变量并非形成社交恐惧的特定途径。
