Sandanger I, Nygård J F, Brage S, Tellnes G
Institute of General Practice and Community Medicine, Department of Social Insurance Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
Scand J Public Health. 2000 Dec;28(4):244-52.
Women have higher long-term sickness absence rates than men, and higher rates of most health problems. The rates vary with type of problem and diagnosis. The objectives were to examine whether equal proportions of women and men had sickness absence when they had a given health problem, and if disparities were diagnosis specific. Prevalence of low-back pain, psychiatric disorders, and injuries was assessed in random samples of two populations in Norway. Prevalence of long-term sickness absence for the same diagnostic categories was estimated for the same time period (1990). For injuries, the prevalence ratios between a health problem and a sickness absence were equal for women and men. For psychiatric health problems, there were 1.7 more women than men behind each sickness absence. Low-back pain showed an intermediate gender ratio of 1.3, indicating that also for this condition women tended to have less sickness absence. Musculoskeletal and psychiatric health problems (fluctuating, chronic) may result in more gender-biased, subjective, and random assessment of work ability than injuries (acute health problem).
女性长期病假缺勤率高于男性，且大多数健康问题的发生率也更高。这些比率因问题类型和诊断而异。目的是研究当男性和女性患有特定健康问题时，病假缺勤的比例是否相等，以及差异是否因诊断而异。在挪威两个人口的随机样本中评估了腰痛、精神障碍和损伤的患病率。估计了同一时间段（1990年）相同诊断类别的长期病假缺勤患病率。对于损伤，女性和男性因健康问题导致的病假缺勤患病率之比相等。对于精神健康问题，每例病假缺勤背后的女性比男性多1.7人。腰痛的性别比为1.3，处于中间水平，这表明即使对于这种情况，女性的病假缺勤也往往较少。与损伤（急性健康问题）相比，肌肉骨骼和精神健康问题（波动的、慢性的）可能导致对工作能力的评估更具性别偏见、主观性和随意性。
