Beresford S A, Thompson B, Feng Z, Christianson A, McLerran D, Patrick D L
Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7236, USA.
Prev Med. 2001 Mar;32(3):230-8. doi: 10.1006/pmed.2000.0806.
5 a Day for Better Health is a simple message encouraging people to eat more fruits and vegetables. The Seattle 5 a Day worksite investigators designed and evaluated an intervention, organized on stages of behavioral change, to increase worksitewide fruit and vegetable consumption.
We recruited 28 worksites with cafeterias and randomized 14 to intervention and 14 to control. The intervention addressed both changes in the work environment and individual level behavior change. In each worksite, an employee advisory board, with study interventionist assistance, implemented the program. By surveying cross-sectional samples of 125 employees per worksite, we compared worksite mean fruit and vegetable consumption at 2-year follow-up with that at baseline. Unobtrusive site-level indicators including plate observation and cafeteria checklist were also used.
The difference at 2 years was 0.5 for the intervention worksites and 0.2 for the control worksites, with an intervention effect of 0.3 daily serving (P < 0.05). Other measures of fruit and vegetable consumption, including unobtrusive indicators, supported the effectiveness of the intervention.
This simple 5 a Day intervention is feasible and acceptable for use in worksites with cafeterias. There was a significant differential increase in fruit and vegetable consumption in the intervention worksites. This kind of worksite intervention can achieve important health benefits on a population basis, because of its potential to reach large numbers of people.
“每日五蔬果，健康更美好”是一条鼓励人们多吃水果和蔬菜的简单信息。西雅图“每日五蔬果”工作场所研究人员设计并评估了一项基于行为改变阶段的干预措施，以增加整个工作场所的水果和蔬菜消费量。
我们招募了28个设有自助餐厅的工作场所，并将14个随机分为干预组，14个分为对照组。干预措施既涉及工作环境的改变，也涉及个人层面的行为改变。在每个工作场所，一个员工咨询委员会在研究干预人员的协助下实施该计划。通过对每个工作场所125名员工的横断面样本进行调查，我们将2年随访时工作场所水果和蔬菜的平均消费量与基线时进行了比较。还使用了包括餐盘观察和自助餐厅清单在内的非侵入性场所层面指标。
干预工作场所2年时的差异为0.5，对照工作场所为0.2，干预效果为每日0.3份（P<0.05）。水果和蔬菜消费的其他指标，包括非侵入性指标，支持了干预措施的有效性。
这种简单的“每日五蔬果”干预措施在设有自助餐厅的工作场所中是可行且可接受的。干预工作场所的水果和蔬菜消费量有显著的差异增加。这种工作场所干预措施由于有可能惠及大量人群，因此可以在人群层面实现重要的健康效益。
