Abernethy B, Gill D P, Parks S L, Packer S T
School of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, Qld. 4072, Australia.
Perception. 2001;30(2):233-52. doi: 10.1068/p2872.
Two experiments were conducted on the nature of expert perception in the sport of squash. In the first experiment, ten expert and fifteen novice players attempted to predict the direction and force of squash strokes from either a film display (occluded at variable time periods before and after the opposing player had struck the ball) or a matched point-light display (containing only the basic kinematic features of the opponent's movement pattern). Experts out-performed the novices under both display conditions, and the same basic time windows that characterised expert and novice pick-up of information in the film task also persisted in the point-light task. This suggests that the experts' perceptual advantage is directly related to their superior pick-up of essential kinematic information. In the second experiment, the vision of six expert and six less skilled players was occluded by remotely triggered liquid-crystal spectacles at quasi-random intervals during simulated match play. Players were required to complete their current stroke even when the display was occluded and their prediction performance was assessed with respect to whether they moved to the correct half of the court to match the direction and depth of the opponent's stroke. Consistent with experiment 1, experts were found to be superior in their advance pick-up of both directional and depth information when the display was occluded during the opponent's hitting action. However, experts also remained better than chance, and clearly superior to less skilled players, in their prediction performance under conditions where occlusion occurred before any significant pre-contact preparatory movement by the opposing player was visible. This additional source of expert superiority is attributable to their superior attunement to the information contained in the situational probabilities and sequential dependences within their opponent's pattern of play.
针对壁球运动中专家感知的本质进行了两项实验。在第一个实验中，十名专家级和十五名新手球员试图从影片展示（在对方球员击球前后的不同时间段遮挡画面）或匹配的光点展示（仅包含对手运动模式的基本运动学特征）中预测壁球击球的方向和力量。在两种展示条件下，专家的表现均优于新手，并且在影片任务中表征专家和新手获取信息的相同基本时间窗口在光点任务中也依然存在。这表明专家的感知优势与他们对基本运动学信息的卓越获取直接相关。在第二个实验中，在模拟比赛过程中，通过远程触发的液晶眼镜以准随机间隔遮挡六名专家级和六名技术稍逊的球员的视线。要求球员即使在展示被遮挡时也要完成当前击球，并根据他们是否移动到球场的正确半场以匹配对手击球的方向和深度来评估他们的预测表现。与实验1一致，发现在对手击球动作期间展示被遮挡时，专家在提前获取方向和深度信息方面表现更优。然而，在对手任何明显的接触前准备动作可见之前就发生遮挡的情况下，专家在预测表现上也仍然优于随机水平，并且明显优于技术稍逊的球员。专家优势的这一额外来源归因于他们对对手比赛模式中情境概率和顺序依赖性所包含信息的卓越调适能力。
