Ghavamzadeh A, Moussavi A, Jahani M, Rastegarpanah M, Iravani M
Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Semin Oncol. 2001 Apr;28(2):153-7. doi: 10.1016/s0093-7754(01)90086-7.
Esophageal cancer is among the 10 most frequent cancers in the world. Iran is one of the known areas with a high incidence of esophageal cancer. Most of the patients in Iran have been reported from the north and northeast regions of the country. In one survey by the Iran Cancer Institute, 9% of all cancers and 27% of gastrointestinal cancers were esophageal carcinoma. The male to female ratio was 1.7/1. The distal portion of the esophagus is involved more often than other parts. Consumption of wheat flour, exposure to residues from opium pipes, drinking hot tea, and chewing nass (a mixture of tobacco, lime, ash, and other ingredients) are the suspect etiologic agents for esophageal cancer in Iran. Dysphagia, weight loss, anorexia, abdominal pain, and odynophagia are the common symptoms and signs of Iranian patients with esophageal cancer. For clinical staging, chest computed tomographic scanning is performed. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus is not as common in Iran as in western countries. Public education, nutritional support, and eradication of opium addiction may decrease the morbidity and mortality that result from esophageal cancer. Surgery has traditionally been the mainstay of esophageal cancer treatment in Iran. Radiotherapy is mainly used postoperatively. The usual combination chemotherapy regimen is cisplatin plus flurouracil (5-Fu). Semin Oncol 28:153-157.
食管癌是全球十大常见癌症之一。伊朗是已知食管癌高发地区之一。伊朗的大多数患者来自该国北部和东北部地区。据伊朗癌症研究所的一项调查，所有癌症中9%以及胃肠道癌症中27%为食管癌。男女比例为1.7/1。食管远端比其他部位更常受累。食用小麦粉、接触鸦片管残留物、饮用热茶以及咀嚼纳斯（一种烟草、石灰、灰烬及其他成分的混合物）是伊朗食管癌的可疑病因。吞咽困难、体重减轻、厌食、腹痛及吞咽痛是伊朗食管癌患者的常见症状和体征。为进行临床分期，需进行胸部计算机断层扫描。食管腺癌在伊朗不如在西方国家常见。公众教育、营养支持以及根除鸦片成瘾可能会降低食管癌导致的发病率和死亡率。传统上，手术一直是伊朗食管癌治疗的主要手段。放疗主要在术后使用。常用的联合化疗方案是顺铂加氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）。《肿瘤学 Seminars》28:153 - 157。
