Lindström M, Hanson B S, Ostergren P O
Department of Community Health, University Hospital MAS, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 2001 Feb;52(3):441-51. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00153-2.
Several studies have shown socioeconomic differences in leisure-time physical activity. One explanation may be socioeconomic differences in relevant psychosocial conditions. The Malmö Diet and Cancer Study is a prospective cohort study including inhabitants in Malmö, Sweden. The baseline questionnaire used in this cross-sectional study was completed by the 11,837 participants born 1926-1945 in 1992-1994. Leisure-time physical activity was measured by an item presenting a variety of activities. These activities were aggregated into a summary measure of leisure-time physical activity that takes both the intensity and duration of each specific activity into consideration. The effects of the psychosocial variables on the socioeconomic differences in leisure-time physical activity were calculated in a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The quartile with the lowest degree of leisure-time physical activity was not evenly distributed between the socioeconomic groups. Socioeconomic differences were seen as odds ratios 1.5 for skilled and 1.5 for unskilled male manual workers, compared to the high level non-manual employees. An OR 1.6 was observed for female unskilled manual workers. Self-employed men and female pensioners also had a significantly increased risk of low leisure-time physical activity. Adjustment for age, country of origin and previous/current diseases had no effect on these SES differences. Finally, adjusting for social participation almost completely erased the SES differences. Among the psychosocial variables, social participation was the strongest predictor of low physical activity, and a strong predictor for socioeconomic differences in low leisure-time physical activity. Social participation measures the individual's social activities in, for example political parties and organisations. It therefore seems possible that some of the socioeconomic differences in leisure-time physical activity are due to differing social capital between socioeconomic groups.
多项研究表明，休闲时间的体育活动存在社会经济差异。一种解释可能是相关社会心理状况的社会经济差异。马尔默饮食与癌症研究是一项前瞻性队列研究，研究对象包括瑞典马尔默的居民。这项横断面研究使用的基线调查问卷由1992年至1994年间出生于1926年至1945年的11837名参与者填写。休闲时间的体育活动通过一个列出各种活动的项目来衡量。这些活动被汇总为一个休闲时间体育活动的综合指标，该指标同时考虑了每项具体活动的强度和持续时间。在多变量逻辑回归分析中计算了社会心理变量对休闲时间体育活动中社会经济差异的影响。休闲时间体育活动程度最低的四分位数在社会经济群体之间分布不均。与高级非体力劳动者相比，熟练男性体力劳动者和非熟练男性体力劳动者的社会经济差异的优势比为1.5。非熟练女性体力劳动者的优势比为1.6。个体经营者男性和女性养老金领取者休闲时间体育活动水平低的风险也显著增加。对年龄、原籍国和既往/当前疾病进行调整对这些社会经济差异没有影响。最后，对社会参与进行调整几乎完全消除了社会经济差异。在社会心理变量中，社会参与是低体力活动的最强预测因素，也是休闲时间体育活动水平低的社会经济差异的强预测因素。社会参与衡量个人在例如政党和组织中的社会活动。因此，休闲时间体育活动中的一些社会经济差异似乎可能是由于社会经济群体之间不同的社会资本所致。
