Donaldson E, Kennaway D J
Royal Australian Army Medical Corps, Oakey Queensland.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1991 Jul;62(7):654-60.
The effects of 20-mg doses of the short-acting benzodiazepine, temazepam, on sleep, performance and pineal, adrenal and temperature rhythms were investigated in a placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study. Ten healthy males were studied 4 d prior to flying from Sydney to London via Tokyo and Anchorage (11 time zones). Temazepam or placebo were administered at 2300 hours (local time) during the flight and for 4 d after arrival. After a 7-d recreation break in London, the subjects returned to Sydney via Moscow and Tokyo and again took five doses of temazepam or placebo. During the 5 d following their arrival in London or Sydney, the subjects collected urine, had rectal temperature monitored, performed a battery of performance tests and filled out questionnaires. Temazepam significantly improved various subjective sleep characteristics, particularly on the first few nights. Performance (choice reaction time, critical flicker fusion threshold and pencil and paper tests) was not impaired by temazepam treatment. The pineal rhythm was assessed by urinary 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion rate determinations. The time of peak 6-sulphatoxymelatonin excretion (acrophase) occurred progressively later each day after arrival in London and Sydney, however the rate of adjustment of the rhythm was not affected by temazepam. Similarly, the urinary cortisol and temperature rhythms adjusted to the new environments by progressive delay with no drug effect being evident. Administration of temazepam clearly had a beneficial effect on sleep and alertness following transmeridian travel, without detrimental effects on performance. There was no evidence to suggest that temazepam altered the rates of entrainment of physiological rhythms to the new environments.
在一项安慰剂对照、双盲交叉研究中，研究了20毫克短效苯二氮䓬类药物替马西泮对睡眠、行为表现以及松果体、肾上腺和体温节律的影响。在10名健康男性从悉尼经东京和安克雷奇飞往伦敦（跨越11个时区）的4天前对他们进行了研究。在飞行期间的23:00（当地时间）以及抵达后的4天内给予替马西泮或安慰剂。在伦敦进行7天的休整后，受试者经莫斯科和东京返回悉尼，并再次服用五剂替马西泮或安慰剂。在抵达伦敦或悉尼后的5天内，受试者收集尿液，监测直肠温度，进行一系列行为表现测试并填写问卷。替马西泮显著改善了各种主观睡眠特征，尤其是在最初的几个晚上。替马西泮治疗并未损害行为表现（选择反应时间、临界闪烁融合阈值以及纸笔测试）。通过测定尿中6-硫酸氧褪黑素排泄率来评估松果体节律。抵达伦敦和悉尼后，尿中6-硫酸氧褪黑素排泄峰值时间（高峰期）每天逐渐推迟，然而该节律的调整速率并未受到替马西泮的影响。同样，尿皮质醇和体温节律通过逐渐延迟来适应新环境，未显示出药物效应。跨子午线旅行后，服用替马西泮对睡眠和警觉性有明显的有益作用，对行为表现无不利影响。没有证据表明替马西泮改变了生理节律对新环境的同步速率。
