Hynes H P, Maxfield R, Carroll P, Hillger R
Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118-2394, USA.
J Urban Health. 2001 Mar;78(1):199-211. doi: 10.1093/jurban/78.1.199.
Despite a general reduction in blood lead levels in children after lead was banned in gasoline and paint, lead poisoning remains an important health problem in many older urban areas. One factor that increases risk in these places is the high levels of lead in certain residential areas. A major intervention study found that reducing lead levels in urban soils results in a reduction in exposed children's blood lead levels. Removing lead from inner-city soils or reducing exposures to lead-contaminated soils typically is expensive, technologically challenging, or beyond the ability of low-income households to undertake. This project, in conjunction with residents and community-based institutions, developed a series of in situ, low-cost, low-technology measures that worked to reduce the exposure to lead-contaminated soils in one Boston, Massachusetts, neighborhood. The project demonstrated several important results. Government, universities, residents, and community based organizations can work together effectively to reduce exposures to lead in soil. Lead-contaminated soil can be mitigated at a fraction of the cost of conventional methods in ways that increase the ability of residents, community health centers, and others to have a positive impact on their neighborhoods. A lead-safe yard program can be replicated and institutionalized by municipal home de-leading programs and other community organizations.
尽管在汽油和油漆中禁止使用铅之后儿童血铅水平普遍下降，但在许多老旧城区，铅中毒仍然是一个重要的健康问题。这些地方风险增加的一个因素是某些居民区的铅含量很高。一项重大干预研究发现，降低城市土壤中的铅含量会使接触铅的儿童血铅水平降低。从市中心土壤中去除铅或减少对受铅污染土壤的接触通常成本高昂、技术上具有挑战性，或者超出了低收入家庭的承受能力。该项目与居民和社区机构合作，制定了一系列原位、低成本、低技术的措施，以减少马萨诸塞州波士顿一个社区对受铅污染土壤的接触。该项目取得了几个重要成果。政府、大学、居民和社区组织可以有效合作，减少土壤中的铅接触。与传统方法相比，以较低的成本就可以减轻铅污染土壤的危害，同时提高居民、社区健康中心及其他方面对其社区产生积极影响的能力。一个铅安全庭院项目可以被市政家庭除铅项目和其他社区组织复制并制度化。
