Prior M, Smart D, Sanson A, Oberklaid F
Department of Psychology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2001 Jun;35(3):297-307. doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1614.2001.00903.x.
Longitudinal data from infancy onwards, from the Australian Temperament Project, a prospective study of the temperament and development of a large and representative sample of Victorian children, were examined to identify predictors of psychological disorder at 11-12 years of age.
Those children scoring in the at-risk range for psychological disorder according to parents, teachers and self-reports using the Child Behaviour Questionnaire were selected at 11-12 years of age for in-depth assessment and comparison with a group of children with no history of adjustment problems. Analyses of group differences using longitudinal data gathered from infancy to 12 years focused on parent and teacher reports on child temperament and behaviour, and various facets of home and school adjustment.
The strongest predictors of adjustment at 12 years were previous behaviour problems, along with some specific temperament factors involving self-regulation capacities and mother's overall rating of child difficulty. Results based on parallel teacher data including peer adjustment, and social and academic competence measures were consistent with parent data.
Our research confirms the persistence of early appearing behaviour problems in a community sample and the longitudinal influence of temperament factors in childhood. The study supports the need for a focus on early intervention and prevention strategies in the child mental health field.
对来自澳大利亚气质项目的从婴儿期开始的纵向数据进行研究。该项目是一项对维多利亚州大量具有代表性的儿童样本的气质和发育情况进行的前瞻性研究，旨在确定11至12岁儿童心理障碍的预测因素。
根据使用儿童行为问卷的家长、教师和自我报告，那些在11至12岁时被评定为心理障碍风险范围内的儿童被挑选出来进行深入评估，并与一组没有适应问题病史的儿童进行比较。利用从婴儿期到12岁收集的纵向数据进行的组间差异分析，重点关注家长和教师对儿童气质和行为的报告，以及家庭和学校适应的各个方面。
12岁时适应情况的最强预测因素是既往行为问题，以及一些涉及自我调节能力的特定气质因素和母亲对孩子困难程度的总体评价。基于包括同伴适应、社交和学业能力测量在内的平行教师数据得出的结果与家长数据一致。
我们的研究证实了社区样本中早期出现的行为问题的持续性以及儿童期气质因素的纵向影响。该研究支持在儿童心理健康领域关注早期干预和预防策略的必要性。
