Alekseev A N, Dubinina H V, Semenov A V, Bolshakov C V
Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg.
J Med Entomol. 2001 Jul;38(4):471-4. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585-38.4.471.
Two Ehrlichia pathogens were found in immature Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks collected from migratory passerine birds in the Curonian Spit area of the Baltic Region of Russia (Kaliningrad enclave). During the spring and fall of 2000, 1,606 passerine birds (eight species) were collected; 6.8% of them (110/1,606) were infested by ticks, and 51.8% (57/110) of tick clusters contained various human pathogenic microorganisms. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agents were found in 14% (8/57) of cases. Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto were found in 92.9% (53/57) of the ticks. In five out of eight cases, infection of both Ehrlichia and Borrelia were obtained. In one case, a single nymph contained HME, B. afzelii, and B. garinii. Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. and B. afzelii were found together in one pool of four nymphs and one larva. All agents were identified using polymerase chain reaction and species-specific primers. In 8.8% of the ticks collected from birds in the fall and 22% in the spring, pathogens were isolated from attached co-feeding nymphs and larvae. These data demonstrate that Ehrlichia exchange could occur between co-feeding ticks on animals without systemic infection.
在俄罗斯波罗的海地区（加里宁格勒飞地）库尔斯沙嘴地区采集的未成熟蓖麻硬蜱（Ixodes ricinus (L.)）中发现了两种埃立克体病原体。2000年春季和秋季，共采集了1606只雀形目鸟类（8个物种）；其中6.8%（110/1606）被蜱虫寄生，51.8%（57/110）的蜱虫群含有各种人类致病微生物。在14%（8/57）的病例中发现了人类单核细胞埃立克体病（HME）和人类粒细胞埃立克体病（HGE）病原体。在92.9%（53/57）的蜱虫中发现了阿氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia afzelii）、加氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia garinii）和狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto）。在8个病例中有5个同时感染了埃立克体和疏螺旋体。在1个病例中，一只若蜱同时感染了HME、阿氏疏螺旋体和加氏疏螺旋体。在一组由4只若蜱和1只幼虫组成的样本中同时发现了狭义伯氏疏螺旋体和阿氏疏螺旋体。所有病原体均通过聚合酶链反应和物种特异性引物进行鉴定。在秋季从鸟类采集的蜱虫中，8.8%的蜱虫以及春季22%的蜱虫中，从附着的共进食若蜱和幼虫中分离出了病原体。这些数据表明，在没有全身感染的动物上，共进食的蜱虫之间可能会发生埃立克体的交换。
