训练状态对人体力竭运动期间交感肾上腺活动的影响。

Effect of training status on the sympathoadrenal activity during a supramaximal exercise in human.

作者信息

Zouhal H, Jacob C, Rannou F, Gratas-Delamarche A, Bentué-Ferrer D, Del P

机构信息

Laboratoire de Physiologie et de Biomécanique de l'Exercice Musculaire, UFR-APS, Université de Rennes II, Rennes, France.

出版信息

J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2001 Sep;41(3):330-6.

PMID:11533563

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The study investigated the concentrations of plasma catecholamine, adrenaline (A) and noradrenaline (NA), and the adrenal medulla responsiveness to the sympathetic nervous activity in sprinters (S), endurance runners (E) and untrained subjects (U) during a supramaximal exercise (the Wingate-test).

METHODS

A group of 19 men took part in the tests: 6 S (20.5+/-0.7 years), 6 E (21.0+/-1.0 years) and 7 U (20.9+/-0.4 years). The maximal power (Wmax) and the mean power (W) were determined from the Wingate-test on a cycle ergometer. The plasma lactate, A and NA were analysed at rest (La0, A0 and NA0), immediately at the end of the exercise (Amax and NA(max)) and after 5 min recovery (La(max), A5 and NA5). The disappearance of A and NA was judged by the difference between the maximal values and those determined after 5 min recovery (Amax-A5 and NA(max)-NA5) and the ratio A/NA was considered as an index of the adrenal medulla responsiveness to the sympathetic nervous activity.

RESULTS

During the Wingate-test S exhibited higher performances and higher La(max) than the two other groups. At the end of the Wingate-test the NA(max) values were similar in the three groups whereas the Amax values were significantly higher in S than in E and U (8.00+/-0.5 nmol x l(-1) in S vs 3.47+/-0.30 nmol x l(-1) and 3.29+/-1.14 nmol x l(-1) respectively in E and U). This leads to a higher Amax/NA(max) ratio for S compared to the other two groups (0.77+/-0.10 in S vs 0.23+/-0.03 and 0.28+/-0.05, respectively in E and U). As the disappearance of A (Amax-A5) was significantly higher in S (6.80+/-0.47 nmol x l(-1) in S vs 2.64+/-0.19 nmol x l(-1) and 1.64+/-1.37 nmol x l(-1), respectively in E and U), the higher values of Amax in S could be explained by an increase of the adrenal medullary secretory capacity in this group.

CONCLUSIONS

It was concluded that essentially short term and intense exercises as sprint ones or interval-training may alter the adrenal medulla responsiveness to supramaximal exercise but not long duration exercises.

摘要

背景

本研究调查了短跑运动员（S）、耐力跑运动员（E）和未经训练的受试者（U）在进行极限运动（温盖特测试）期间血浆儿茶酚胺、肾上腺素（A）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）的浓度，以及肾上腺髓质对交感神经活动的反应性。

方法

19名男性参与了测试：6名短跑运动员（20.5±0.7岁），6名耐力跑运动员（21.0±1.0岁）和7名未经训练的受试者（20.9±0.4岁）。通过在自行车测力计上进行温盖特测试来测定最大功率（Wmax）和平均功率（W）。在静息状态（La0、A0和NA0）、运动结束即刻（Amax和NA(max)）以及恢复5分钟后（La(max)、A5和NA5）分析血浆乳酸、A和NA。通过最大值与恢复5分钟后测定值之间的差值判断A和NA的消失情况（Amax - A5和NA(max) - NA5），A/NA比值被视为肾上腺髓质对交感神经活动反应性的指标。

结果

在温盖特测试期间，短跑运动员的表现和La(max)高于其他两组。在温盖特测试结束时，三组的NA(max)值相似，而短跑运动员的Amax值显著高于耐力跑运动员和未经训练的受试者（短跑运动员为8.00±0.5 nmol·L⁻¹，耐力跑运动员和未经训练的受试者分别为3.47±0.30 nmol·L⁻¹和3.29±1.14 nmol·L⁻¹）。这导致短跑运动员的Amax/NA(max)比值高于其他两组（短跑运动员为0.77±0.10，耐力跑运动员和未经训练的受试者分别为0.23±0.03和0.28±0.05）。由于短跑运动员中A的消失量（Amax - A5）显著更高（短跑运动员为6.80±0.47 nmol·L⁻¹，耐力跑运动员和未经训练的受试者分别为2.64±0.19 nmol·L⁻¹和1.64±1.37 nmol·L⁻¹），短跑运动员中较高的Amax值可以通过该组肾上腺髓质分泌能力的增加来解释。