Nigg J T
Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1117, USA.
Psychol Bull. 2001 Sep;127(5):571-98. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.127.5.571.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely theorized to stem from dysfunctional inhibitory processes. However, the definition of inhibition is imprecisely distinguished across theories. To clarify the evidence for this conception, the author relies on a heuristic distinction between inhibition that is under executive control and inhibition that is under motivational control (anxiety or fear). It is argued that ADHD is unlikely to be due to a motivational inhibitory control deficit, although suggestions are made for additional studies that could overturn that conclusion. Evidence for a deficit in an executive motor inhibition process for the ADHD combined type is more compelling but is not equally strong for all forms of executive inhibitory control. Remaining issues include specificity to ADHD, whether inhibitory problems are primary or secondary in causing ADHD, role of comorbid anxiety and conduct disorder, and functional deficits in the inattentive ADHD subtype.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的广泛理论认为其源于功能失调的抑制过程。然而，不同理论对抑制的定义区分并不精确。为了阐明这一概念的证据，作者依据一种启发式的区分，即执行控制下的抑制和动机控制（焦虑或恐惧）下的抑制。有人认为ADHD不太可能是由于动机性抑制控制缺陷导致的，尽管也提出了一些额外的研究建议，这些研究可能会推翻这一结论。ADHD混合型患者存在执行性运动抑制过程缺陷的证据更具说服力，但对于所有形式的执行性抑制控制来说，其证据强度并不相同。遗留的问题包括ADHD的特异性、抑制问题在导致ADHD中是原发性还是继发性、共病焦虑和品行障碍的作用以及注意力不集中型ADHD亚型的功能缺陷。
