Kinnear J L
Department of History, University of Toronto, Ontario.
Can Bull Med Hist. 1994;11(1):153-74. doi: 10.3138/cbmh.11.1.153.
This article provides an assessment of the attitudes of the nursing and medical elites to the professionalization of nursing in the 1920s, as expressed, respectively, in the Canadian Nurse and the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The material printed in the CN between 1924 and 1932 indicates that the nursing elite perceived three factors inhibiting professional development: the tension between the somewhat incompatible values of professionalism and sacrificing service upon which nursing was based; indifference within the nursing rank-and-file; and opposition from the medical profession. Material printed in the CMAJ in the 1920s indicates that there was opposition within the medical profession to nurses' attempts to achieve higher standards of education, self-regulation, and more recompense. The medical profession was not, however, unamimous in its opposition to the professional development of nursing. Much of the material printed in the journal on nursing, particularly toward the end of the 1920s, indicates that there existed among doctors a substantial amount of support for nurses' efforts. This study illustrates that over the course of the 1920s, a number of shifts in political alignments occurred between and among doctors and nurses. As the decade progressed, the medical profession became more supportive of nurses' efforts to professionalize; simultaneously, the nursing leadership drew further away from the rank-and-file nurses and placed itself in closer alliance with the supportive segment of the medical profession.
本文评估了20世纪20年代护理精英和医学精英对护理专业化的态度，这些态度分别体现在《加拿大护士》和《加拿大医学协会杂志》上。1924年至1932年间发表在《加拿大护士》上的材料表明，护理精英认为有三个因素阻碍了专业发展：专业性价值观与护理所基于的奉献服务价值观之间存在一定程度的不相容所产生的紧张关系；护理普通成员的冷漠；以及医学专业的反对。20世纪20年代发表在《加拿大医学协会杂志》上的材料表明，医学专业内部有人反对护士提高教育标准、自我监管和增加薪酬的努力。然而，医学专业在反对护理专业化发展方面并非一致。该杂志上发表的关于护理的许多材料，特别是在20世纪20年代末，表明医生中存在大量支持护士努力的人。这项研究表明，在20世纪20年代，医生和护士之间以及他们内部发生了一些政治联盟的转变。随着这十年的推进，医学专业对护士专业化努力的支持度更高；与此同时，护理领导层与普通护士的距离进一步拉大，并与医学专业中支持他们的部分建立了更紧密的联盟。
