Warren D P, Goldschmidt M C, Thompson M B, Adler-Storthz K, Keene H J
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center, 6516 M.D. Anderson Blvd., Suite 1.085, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.
J Am Dent Assoc. 2001 Sep;132(9):1241-5. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.2001.0366.
Contaminated toothbrushes have been shown to harbor and transmit viruses and bacteria. The authors conducted a study to evaluate the effect of a triclosan-containing toothpaste on the residual anaerobic microbial contamination of toothbrushes.
Twenty patients who had Type III or Type IV periodontitis participated in this study. One side of each of their mouths served as a control (no toothpaste). The teeth on the other side were brushed with a regular toothpaste or a triclosan-containing toothpaste. After the toothbrushes were allowed to dry in air for four hours, the authors placed the toothbrush heads in solution, dislodged the microbes from the brushes by vortexing and plated them in culture dishes. The authors anerobically incubated the culture dishes and determined the presence or absence of Prevotella species or Ps; Porphyromonas gingivalis, or Pg; and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, or Aa.
The authors detected Aa and Pg on the control toothbrushes more frequently than they did Ps. This variation in isolation frequency was statistically significant by chi 2 analysis (P < .001). The authors compared the isolation frequency of the three test organisms between the control and regular-toothpaste groups, between the control and triclosan-containing--toothpaste groups, and between the triclosan-containing--toothpaste and regular-toothpaste groups. They found no significant intergroup differences in the isolation frequencies after using chi 2 analysis.
Toothpaste use reduced the residual microbial contamination for two of three test organisms, but the lower isolation frequencies were not statistically significant. Further study in this area is indicated.
Dental professionals should advise patients who have systemic, localized or oral inflammatory diseases to disinfect or frequently replace their toothbrushes.
已证实受污染的牙刷会藏匿并传播病毒和细菌。作者开展了一项研究，以评估含三氯生牙膏对牙刷上残留厌氧微生物污染的影响。
20名患有III型或IV型牙周炎的患者参与了本研究。他们每侧口腔的一侧作为对照（不使用牙膏）。另一侧的牙齿用普通牙膏或含三氯生牙膏刷牙。在牙刷在空气中晾干4小时后，作者将牙刷头放入溶液中，通过涡旋从刷毛上分离出微生物，并将其接种在培养皿中。作者对培养皿进行厌氧培养，并确定是否存在普氏菌属（Prevotella species，简称Ps）、牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Porphyromonas gingivalis，简称Pg）和伴放线放线杆菌（Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans，简称Aa）。
作者在对照牙刷上检测到Aa和Pg的频率高于Ps。通过卡方分析，这种分离频率的差异具有统计学意义（P <.001）。作者比较了对照组与普通牙膏组、对照组与含三氯生牙膏组以及含三氯生牙膏组与普通牙膏组之间三种测试微生物的分离频率。通过卡方分析，他们发现组间分离频率没有显著差异。
使用牙膏可降低三种测试微生物中两种的残留微生物污染，但较低的分离频率无统计学意义。表明该领域需要进一步研究。
牙科专业人员应建议患有全身性、局部性或口腔炎症性疾病的患者对牙刷进行消毒或经常更换牙刷。
