Lie M A, Loos B G, Henskens Y M, Timmerman M F, Veerman E C, van der Velden U, van der Weijden G A
Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
J Clin Periodontol. 2001 Oct;28(10):979-84. doi: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2001.028010979.x.
Recent studies show that subjects with natural gingivitis or periodontitis have elevated levels of salivary cystatins compared to periodontally healthy individuals. Increased glandular output of cystatins in inflammatory conditions suggests an active, most likely protective, rôle for these proteins in inflammatory processes. Furthermore, it has been shown that the development of gingival inflammation is suppressed in smokers during experimental gingivitis.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether (i) the levels of salivary cystatins in natural gingivitis are related to smoking status, and (ii) to study whether experimentally induced gingivitis is associated with changes in salivary cystatin levels, in both smokers and non-smokers.
Whole saliva samples were taken in relation to natural gingivitis, gingival health and 14-day experimental gingivitis in 25 non-dental students (14 non-smokers and 11 smokers). The salivary flowrate was determined. Samples were analyzed for levels of protein, cystatin and cystatin-C.
Salivary flow and protein concentrations in cleared human whole saliva samples of non-smokers and smokers were not different from each other at any timepoint during the trial. With regard to cystatins, the results showed that in the state of natural gingivitis cystatin activity is lower in smokers as compared to non-smokers. In smokers, the resolution of natural gingivitis to the state of gingival health did not result in a change of cystatin activity and levels of cystatin C. At the end of the 14-day experimental gingivitis period, smokers showed a decrease in cystatin activity and cystatin C as well as lower outputs of cystatin activity and cystatin C.
Smoking is associated with lower cystatin activity and output of cystatin C during gingival inflammation.
最近的研究表明，与牙周健康的个体相比，患有自然牙龈炎或牙周炎的受试者唾液胱抑素水平升高。在炎症状态下，腺体分泌的胱抑素增加表明这些蛋白质在炎症过程中发挥着积极作用，很可能具有保护作用。此外，研究表明，在实验性牙龈炎期间，吸烟者牙龈炎症的发展受到抑制。
本研究的目的是调查（i）自然牙龈炎患者唾液胱抑素水平是否与吸烟状况有关，以及（ii）研究实验性诱导的牙龈炎是否与吸烟者和非吸烟者唾液胱抑素水平的变化有关。
采集了25名非牙科专业学生（14名非吸烟者和11名吸烟者）与自然牙龈炎、牙龈健康以及14天实验性牙龈炎相关的全唾液样本。测定了唾液流速。对样本进行蛋白质、胱抑素和胱抑素-C水平分析。
在试验的任何时间点，非吸烟者和吸烟者的清除人全唾液样本中的唾液流速和蛋白质浓度均无差异。关于胱抑素，结果表明，在自然牙龈炎状态下，吸烟者的胱抑素活性低于非吸烟者。在吸烟者中，自然牙龈炎恢复到牙龈健康状态并未导致胱抑素活性和胱抑素-C水平的变化。在14天实验性牙龈炎期结束时，吸烟者的胱抑素活性和胱抑素-C降低，以及胱抑素活性和胱抑素-C的分泌量也较低。
吸烟与牙龈炎症期间较低的胱抑素活性和胱抑素-C分泌量有关。
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