Farrell M P, Schmitt M H, Heinemann G D
Department of Sociology, 430 Park Hall, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
J Interprof Care. 2001 Aug;15(3):281-95. doi: 10.1080/13561820120068980.
After presenting a theory of team development, we propose that the informal role structure of a team is dependent upon the degree of anomie in the team culture, and we provide measures of anomie and informal roles that can be used in field settings. Then we test hypotheses on a national sample of 111 interdisciplinary health care teams in geriatrics in US Veterans Affairs medical centers. We find evidence that as teams develop from early to later stages, the interpersonal behavior of members becomes less differentiated on three dimensions: prominence, sociability, and task-orientation. In addition, we find that images of each member come into clearer focus, as evidenced by reduced variation in how each member is seen by other team members. Finally, we find that regardless of stage of team development, the more education the team members have, the more prominent and task-oriented they are. In general, physicians score highest in prominence and task-orientation, but relatively low in sociability.
在提出团队发展理论之后，我们认为团队的非正式角色结构取决于团队文化中的失范程度，并提供了可在实地环境中使用的失范和非正式角色的衡量方法。然后，我们在美国退伍军人事务医疗中心对111个老年医学跨学科医疗团队的全国样本进行了假设检验。我们发现，随着团队从早期发展到后期阶段，成员的人际行为在三个维度上的差异变小：突出性、社交性和任务导向性。此外，我们发现每个成员的形象变得更加清晰，这表现为团队其他成员对每个成员看法的差异减小。最后，我们发现，无论团队发展处于哪个阶段，团队成员受教育程度越高，他们就越突出且任务导向性越强。总体而言，医生在突出性和任务导向性方面得分最高，但在社交性方面得分相对较低。
